Biology Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is biodiversity?
The variety of life that can be found in a particular area
What is a species?
A unit of classification capable of breeding to produce living, fertile offspring
Describe the binomial naming system
Generic name = genus
Specific name = species
What does courtship behaviour enable species to do?
- Recognise members of their own species
- Identify a mate that is capable of breeding
- Form a pair bond
- Synchronise mating
- Become able to breed
What are the 7 taxa in order?
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What are the three types of domain?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
What is species diversity?
The number of different species and the number of different individuals in a community
What is genetic diversity?
The variety of genes in a population
What is ecosystem diversity?
The range of different habitats
Describe the impact of agriculture on species diversity
Reduces species diversity
What are some of the techniques to maintain biodiversity?
- Using hedgerows instead of fences
- Maintaining and creating ponds
- Reducing the draining of wetlands
- Reducing the use of pesticides and herbicides
- Crop rotation
- Intercropping
- Creating natural meadows
How can you compare the diversity within and between species?
- Observable characteristics
- Base sequence of DNA
- Base sequence of RNA
- Amino acid sequences of proteins
What are the limitations to comparing observable characteristics?
- Characteristics could be coded for by more than one gene
- The characteristic could be influenced by the environment
- They vary continuously
- The same characteristics could have arisen separately
What is interspecific variation?
Differences between species
What is infraspecific variation?
Differences between individuals of the same species
Why might random sampling not be representative of a population?
- Sampling bias
2. Chance
How do you eliminate sampling bias?
Place quadrants at regular intervals along a transect and measure the different species. Or randomly place the quadrants. The coordinates can be found using a random number generator to select where to sample.
How do you increase reliability of any data?
Use a larger sample size
What is the mean?
The value at the maximum height of the normal distribution curve, which provides no information about the range of values collected
What is standard deviation?
The width of the normal distribution curve. It is the point where the curve changed from being convex to concave.
Define ‘species richness’
The measure of the number of different species in a community
Define ‘index of diversity’
Another way to measure biodiversity. Calculated using an equation that takes both the number of species in a community and he abundance of each species
