Genetics

Question 1

Prokaryotic

Answer 1

Circular single DNA molecule
Haploid
Plasmids extrachromosomal DNA
Nucleoid makes DNA in cytoplasm

Question 2

Eukaryotic

Answer 2

Linear multiple DNA molecules
Varying numbers of chromosomes
Diploid
Mitosis and meiosis

Question 3

What is a gene

Answer 3

DNA sequence specifies the amino acid sequence in a protein

Question 4

Codons

Answer 4

A t g c

Question 5

RNA synthesis and processing

Answer 5

Transcriptional control

Question 6

Protein synthesis

Answer 6

Translation

Question 7

Prok DNA

Answer 7

Naked

Question 8

Euk DNA

Answer 8

Histone proteins

Question 9

Plasmids

Answer 9

Found mainly in prok
Extrachromosomal DNA
Code for virulence factors or antibiotic resistance

Question 10

F plasmid

Answer 10

Tranfered during conjugation via pili

Question 11

R plasmid

Answer 11

Drug resistance

Question 12

Plasmid characteristics

Answer 12

Small DNA molecule
Circular
Origin of replication

Question 13

Artificial chromosome

Answer 13

Plasmids accept large DNA inserts
Exist like a chromosome
Bac
Yac

Question 14

DNA polymerase

Answer 14

Synthesizes 5-3 
Requires a primer 
DNA 
RNA
Protein
Requires template
Requires dntps

Question 15

Replication complex

Answer 15

Replication fork

Bidirectional

Question 16

Continuous

Answer 16

Leading strand

Question 17

Discontinuous

Answer 17

Lagging strand

Question 18

Begins at specific sequence

Answer 18

Origin of replication

Question 19

Helicases

Answer 19

Unwind and unzip DNA

Question 20

Proofreading

Answer 20

3-5 exonuclease removes mismatches

Question 21

mRNA

Answer 21

Coding

Question 22

Rrna

Answer 22

Functional and structural

Question 23

tRNA

Answer 23

Assembly of proteins

Question 24

Gene regulation

Answer 24

Antisense
Sirna
Mirna

Question 25

Catalytic activity

Answer 25

Ribozymes

Question 26

Bacterial openings

Answer 26

Related metabolic genes linked side by side Single activator or depressor region controls their expression

Question 27

Mammalian cells

Answer 27

Related genes maybe close or remote Independently regulated Waves of related gene expression

Question 28

DNA structure

Answer 28

Closed and open

Question 29

Transcription

Answer 29

CIs acting Pos and neg regulatory elements at or near promoter Trans Enhancer sequence capable of long distance effects

Question 30

Translation

Answer 30

Stability of mRNA | Codon usage

Question 31

Post expression

Answer 31

Enzyme inhibitors and activators | Pro teases

Question 32

Start

Answer 32

Aug atg

Question 33

Stop nonsense

Answer 33

Uaa uga uag

Question 34

Ribosome

Answer 34

Protein subunits | Rrna molecules

Question 35

Trna

Answer 35

73-93 nucleotides Base pairing forms stem loops Loops associate via hydrophobic interactions

Question 36

Transfer of genetic material

Answer 36

Conjugation Transformation Transduction Transposons

Question 37

Conjugation

Answer 37

Transfer of plasmid DNA from f+ to f- | Create pore

Question 38

Transformation

Answer 38

Uptake of free DNA | DNA can insert into the chromosome homologous recombination

Question 39

Transduction

Answer 39

Bacteriophage infect host | Carrier of DNA from donor cell to recipient

Question 40

Spontaneous

Answer 40

Random Error during replication Small point mutations Large chromosomal rearrangement

Question 41

Induced

Answer 41

Chemical radiation

Question 42

Point mutations

Answer 42

Single base substitution

Question 43

Deletion insertion

Answer 43

Frameshift

Question 44

Point small

Answer 44

Silent Missense Nonsense

Question 45

Translocation

Answer 45

DNA moving to a new location in genome | Insertions

Question 46

Inversions

Answer 46

DNA segment reversed in orientation

Question 47

Ames

Answer 47

Determine the mutagencity of chemicals

Question 48

Oxidative damage

Answer 48

To DNA proteins and lipids leads to aging and age related disease