Genetics Flashcards
Genetics
The study of genes
Hereditary
the passing of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
Traits
a genetically determined characteristic
True Breeding
Those that consistently produce offspring the same as the parents.
Dominant
traits that are expressed
Recessive
Traits that are covered up
Gametes
Reproductive cells (ova-females and sperm-males). They combine to form a new baby cell.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid- a long molecule that each gene is made of.
Chromosomes
in the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged in a thread, like structure.
Diploid cells
complete set of chromosomes
Haploid Cells
half set of chromosomes
Alleles
Different form of the same gene.
Genotype
The types of genes (alleles) present
Phenotype
Appearance pronounced by a genotype
Homozygous
Both alleles are the same
Heterozygous
Both alleles are different
What do A,T,C and G stand for?
Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Urasiel
Continuous variation
Height and weight
Dis-continuous variation
Colour
What are the parts of DNA.
- sugar-phosphate chain
- base pairs (AT, TA, CG, GC)
Codons
A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in DNA or RNA molecules. eg. GAC, TTT, CCC, GAT
Mutations
Any spontaneous change in a gene or chromosome that may produce an alteration in the characteristic for which it codes.
Meiosis
a type of cell division that results in 4 daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Occurs for reproductive cells
Mitosis
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells being an exact copy of the parent cell. Occurs in somatic cells eg skin, muscles. Used for healing, repair and growth.
Mutagens
an agent which causes genetic mutation eg. x-rays, gamma rays and ultra violet light
Good and Bad Mutations
Good- new and improved variations
Bad- diseases such as HIV
Selective Breeding
intention mating of two animals in attempt to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or eliminate traits
Plasmids
circular pieces of DNA in bacteria. human DNA can be inserted into plasmids to correct mutations.
In terms of chromosomes, whats the main difference between a female and male?
girls = XX boys = XY
FOCUS ON STAGES OF MITOSIS
hello hahahahahahha
Who is more prone to X linked disease or sex linked disease?
Males because hey only have one X chromosome
