Genetics Flashcards
What is genetics
The study of heredity and variations of inherited characteristics
What is inheritance?
A trait/characteristic or something that is passed down from your parents to you
What is homozygous?
Same genes e.g yy
What is heterozygous?
Different genes e.g Yy
What is a phenotype?
A physical appearance
Gene + environmental factors
What is a genotype?
A letter to represent the trait/appearance
What are alleles?
Different versions of a gene e.g tall and short
What are chromosomes
Very long tightly coiled DNA
What does DNA do
Carries codes which determine what cells are made of and what they do (instructions)
What bases pair together in DNA
A=T
C=G
What are nucleotides made up of?
A phosphate
A sugar
A base
Summary of meiosis
Sex cells are produced
The cell divides twice
Four daughter cells are produced
Genetic info is different
Summary of mitosis
Produces two new identical daughter cells
Cell decided once
Is the process of repairing and growing new cells
What is a diploid and a haploid?
A diploid is two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
Haploid is a simple set of unpaired chromosome
What is a gamete?
A haploid male ore female cell which is able to unite with the opposite sex
Who was Gregor Mendel?
He was a monk
Used pea plants to understand genetics
Found and understood recessive and dominant traits
1865
Summary of DNA replication
- chromosomes replicate
- DNA helix unwinds
- two strands separate using enzyme
- new bases bond to each strand, creating two new molecules of DNA
- each molecule of DNA winds up again, creating two new helices
What causes mutation
Incorrect coding - bases don’t match up
What are some causes of mutation
Exposure to radiation or chemicals
Summary of DNA replication
- chromosomes replicate
- DNA helix unwinds
- two strands separate using enzyme
- new bases bond to each strand, creating two new molecules of DNA
- each molecule of DNA winds up again, creating two new helices
What causes mutation
Incorrect coding - bases don’t match up
What are some causes of mutation
Exposure to radiation or chemicals
