genetics Flashcards
CHROMOSOMES
THREAD-LIKE STRUCTURE IN THE NUCLEUS OF THE CELLS MADE UP OF PROTEIN AND DNA
DNA
A LONG MOLECULE CARRYING THE GENETIC INFORMATION OF A CELL
HOMOLOGOUS
HAVING THE SAME RELATION,RELATIVE POSITION, OR STRUCTURE
ALLELES
VARIANT FORM OF A GENE WITH A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT FORMS WHICH ARE LOCATED AT THE SAME POSITION, OR GENETIC LOCUS, ON A CHROMOSOME. HUMANS ARE CALLED DIPLOID ORGANISMS BECAUSE THEY HAVE TWO ALLELES AT EACH GENETIC LOCUS,WHICH ONE ALLELE INHERITED FROM EACH PARENT
PHENOTYPE
WHAT YOU LOOK LIKE FROM YOUR GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
DOMINANT OR RECESSIVE GENES(BIG LETTER=DOMINANT little letter=recessive)
GENOME
A GENETIC MATERIAL OF AN ORGANISM CONSISTS OF DNA. INCLUDES GENES & NON CODING SEQUENCES OF DNA
NUCLEOTIDE
NUCLEOTIDES FORM THE BASIC STRUCTURAL UNIT OF NUCLEIC ACIDS SUCH AS DNA
GENES
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes, which are made up of DNA, act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases.
PROTEIN
LONG CHAINS OF AMINO ACIDS AND ARE AN ESSENTIAL PART OF LIVING ORGANISMS
DOMINANT
TRAIT OR GENE
RECESSIVE
TRAIT OR GENE
MEIOSIS
TYPE OF CELL DIVISION THAT RESULTS IN FOUR DAUGHTER CELLS EACH WITH HALF THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES OF THE PARENT CELL
BASE PAIRING
2 CHEMICAL BASES BOND TOGETHER FORMING A “RUNG OF THE DNA LADDER”
MUTATION
CHANGING THE STRUCTURE OF A GENE
KARYOTYPE
PICTURE OF THE COMPLETE SET OF CHROMOSOMES IN A SPECIES OR ORGANISM
