chemical reactions Flashcards
reaction
a chemical process in which substances act mutually on each other and are changed into different substances, or one substance changes into other substances
observation
a statement based on something one has seen, heard, or noticed.
Solubility
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a saturated solution.
Combination
a joining or merging of different parts or qualities in which the component elements are individually distinct.
Exchange
give something and receive something of the same kind in return.
Thermal Decomposition
Thermal decomposition, or thermolysis, is a chemical decomposition caused by heat. The decomposition temperature of a substance is the temperature at which the substance chemically decomposes. The reaction is usually endothermic as heat is required to break chemical bonds in the compound undergoing decomposition
Displacement
the occupation by a submerged body or part of a body of a volume which would otherwise be occupied by a fluid.
Reactant
a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.
Product
a thing or person that is the result of an action or process.
Spectator ions
A spectator ion is an ion that exists as a reactant and a product in a chemical equation. Spectator ions can, for example, be observed in the reaction of aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and copper(II) sulfate but does not affect the equilibrium:
Precipitate
cause (a substance) to be deposited in solid form from a solution.
Element
each of more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter. Each element is distinguished by its atomic number, i.e. the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms.
ions
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
“hydrogen ions”
atom
the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist.
Proton
a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron.
Electron
a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.
Neutron
a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.
Solution
a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent).
Aqueous
like water; watery.
Activity series
The activity series is a useful guide for predicting the products of metal displacement reactions. For example, placing a strip of zinc metal in a copper(II) sulfate solution will produce metallic copper and zinc sulfate, since zinc is above copper on the series.
Cation
a positively charged ion, i.e. one that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis.
Anion
a negatively charged ion, i.e. one that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis.
Ionic compound
a chemical compound of cations and anions which are held together by ionic bonds in a lattice structure
Molecule
a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
