genetics 3 Flashcards
a change in environment can affect the…
phenotype of an individual
phenotypic plasticity
the degree to which your phenotype is determined by your genotype
If environmental factors have a strong influence the phenotypic plasticity is…
high
If genotype can be used to reliably predict phenotype, phenotypic plasticity is
Low
examples of non-mendelian inheritance
- co-dominance
- Incomplete dominance
- Pleiotropy
- Polygenic inheritance
Co-Dominance
In this inheritance pattern the characters have more than the 2 typical alleles.
-2 alleles are inherited still tho
3 alleles for human blood types
A,B,O
how blood typing (co-dominance) differs from mandelian
- more than one set of alleles
-In AB blood types neither one is dominant (produces new genotypes)
Incomplete dominance
Heterozygous genotypes produce a phenotype which is a blended combination of the dominant and recessive phenotype
Hypercholesterolemia
cholesterol higher than normal
unaffected: HH
Heterozygous: Hh (high risk)
Homozygous recessive: hh (normal)
Incomplete dominance differs from mandelian pattern because…
this is a mixture of both/ not just one or another
Pleiotropy
one gene gives multiple different traits
-very rare
-ex: sickle cell anemia
how pleiotropy differs from mandelian pattern
in mandelian pattern
one gene= one trait
pleiotropy
one gene= multiple traits
polygenic inheritance
many genes make one phenotype
-the more dominant alleles an individual inherits, the more it adds to the phenotype
aneuploidy
human born with dif amount of chromosomes
