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General Biology > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

gene

A

set of instructions that determine the characteristics of an organism - located on chromosomes

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2
Q

allele

A

genes found in pairs

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3
Q

dominance

A

when one dominant trait is expressed and the recessive trait is masked - represented by a capital letter

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4
Q

phenotype

A

appearance of gene

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5
Q

genotype

A

punnett square of genetic possibilities TT, Tt, Tt, tt

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6
Q

segregation

A

when two heterozygotes are crossed, then the hidden/recessive trait shows in 25% of offspring

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7
Q

independent assortment

A

genes on different chromosomes are inherited independently of each other

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8
Q

codominance

A

two different traits on the same chromosome, both exhibiting dominance

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9
Q

linkage

A

when genes for different traits are on the same chromosome

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10
Q

heterozygote

A

containing one dominant and one recessive allele (Tt)

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11
Q

homozygote

A

individual with two identical genes for a trait - purebred

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12
Q

sex-linked traits

A

some traits the genes are found only in the X or only in the Y - examples color blindness

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13
Q

autosome

A

nonsex chromosomes - 22 pairs in humans

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14
Q

replication

A

DNA strands open at the base pairs, free nucleotides join the unzipped portion of the DNA, so complementary base pairs join to form exact duplicates

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15
Q

nucleotide

A

the thousands of units that make up DNA

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16
Q

deoxyribose

A

five carbon sugar - composes a nucleotide with nitrogenous base and phosphate group

17
Q

double helix

A

2 strands of nucleotides form these long chains, that are joined together with hydrogen bonds

18
Q

uracil

A

nitrogenous base in RNA

19
Q

phosphate group

A

PO4 - composes a nucleotide with deoxyribose and nitrogenous base

20
Q

transcription

A

process of forming m-RNA according to the information contained in the DNA molecule GCTTAA - CGAAUU

21
Q

messenger RNS (m-RNA)

A
  • single stranded
  • sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose
  • uracil instead of thymine
22
Q

transfer RNA (t-RNA)

A

RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome - forming them into proteins

23
Q

nitrogenous base

A

adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine - composes nucleotide with deoxyribose and phosphate group

General Biology (9 decks)

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