Genetics 2 - Plant and animal breeding Flashcards
What is breeding?
The process in which humans interfere in the reproduction process, only allowing selective mating to occur, which produces offspring with improved characteristics.
What is artificial selection?
It is a process of selective breeding, in which 2 organisms with desirable characters are selected and allowed to breed. The characteristics are passed down to the offspring to produce a high performing new variety.
What is inbreeding?
Process of breeding between 2 genetically similar organisms
What is outbreeding?
AKA cross breeding. process of mating between 2 organisms from 2 different races or breeds. The favourable characteristics of exotic parent not present in the indigenous parent will be transferred to the offspring.
What is hybrid breeding?
Aka outcrossing. The process in which genetically unrelated pure-bred plants or animals are mated with each other.
What is interspecific breeding?
Aka interspecific hybridization. The process of mating a female and male organism from 2 different species.
What is polyploidy?
The phenomena in which more than 2 whole sets of homologous chromosomes are present per cell nucleus.
What is mutation breeding?
The method of inducing desirable mutations in crop plants using chemical or physical agents.
What are the physical agents used to induce mutations?
Ionizing radiation like gamma rays, alpha , beta , protons, neutrons.
What chemicals are used to induce mutations?
Sodium azide and ethyl methanesulphonate.
what is known as genetic engineering/modification?
Direct manipulation of an organism’s genes to alter the genetic makeup of cells.
What are GMOs? ( genetics definition )
Organisms that have been engineered to express a gene from another species.
What is known as genetic engineering/modification?
Direct manipulation of an organism’s genes to alter the genetic makeup of cells.
