Genetics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Character def.

A

A heritable feature that varies among individuals of a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Trait def.

A

Heritable variants of a character in an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phenotype def.

A

Observable traits in an organism, that arises from the interaction of the organism’s genotype with the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gene def (genetics)

A

The basic unit by which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring. It is a DNA sequence usually residing at a specific locus on a particular chromosome. It aids in the development of 1 or more phenotypes by coding for specific proteins or peptides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Locus def.

A

A fixed position on a chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alleles def.

A

Alternative versions of genes. Reside on same locus of different chromosomes, can have different nucleotide sequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Genotype def.

A

The genetic makeup or set of alleles for a gene in an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dominant allele

A

At heterozygous state, the allele that completely masks expression of other allele and determines the organism’s phenotype.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Recessive allele

A

The allele that does not exhibit any noticeable effect on phenotype at heterozygous state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are pure breeding plants obtained?

A

self pollinating over many generations, producing only the same variety as the parent plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pure lines def.

A

Uniform lines produced by self fertilization of pure-breeding varieties over many generations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What plants are produced from habitually self-fertilized seeds?

A

Wheat, oats, barley, tobacco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Incomplete dominance definition

A

Phenomenon in which, at heterozygous state, a blend phenotype from both alleles is expressed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Codominance definition.

A

Phenomenon in which, at heterozygous state, expression of both alleles contributes equally to the phenotype.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Polyalleleism def.

A

Occurs when there are multiple alleles for a single genetic locus. phenomenon in which a trait is determined by a combination of more than 2 types of alleles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epistasis def.

A

phenomenon resulting from interactions between genes of different loci, where alteration of phenotypic expression of a gene at one locus occurs due to interference of another gene on a different locus.

17
Q

Dominant epistasis def.

A

Phenomenon in which dominant allele of a gene at a specific locus alters phenotypic expression of another gene at a different locus.

18
Q

Recessive epistasis def.

A

Phenomenon in which the homozygous recessive genotype of a gene at a particular locus alters the expression of another gene at a different locus.

19
Q

Polygenic inheritance

A

inheritance of a phenotype, particularly of quantitative characters like height, skin color and IQ, resulting from cumulative expression of 2 or more genes.

20
Q

How does gene linkage occur?

A

It occurs when some genes coding for particular characters are located on the same chromosome close to each other, so they escape from crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis and get inherited together.

21
Q

Pleiotropy defintion

A

Phenomenon in which expression of one gene effects the expression of many traits that are unrelated to each other.