Genetics Flashcards
Heredity
The passing of traits form parents to a offspring
Genetics
The study of traits are passed
Gregor Mendel
Known as the father of genetics. He disputed the idea that offsprings are just a mix of the two parents
Self-pollination vs cross pollination
Self-when pollen from one plant land on a pistol cross
True breeding
When this type of plant cell pollinates,it always produces a offspring with traits that match with the parent
Dominant trait
A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor
Recessive trait
A genetic factor that is blocked by the pressure of a dominant factor
Chromosomes
A nucleus that contains thread like structures
Gene
A section on a chromosome that has genetic info for one trait
Alleles
Different forms of a gene
Phenotype
Geneticists call how to trait, appears or is expressed
Genotype
The two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait
Homozygous genotype
When two alleles of gene are the same
Heterozygous genotype
When two alleles of a gene are different
Incomplete dominance
When the offspring’s phenotype is a combination of the parents phenotype
Codominance
When both alleles can be observed in a phenotype
Polygenic inheritance
Occurs are in multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait
Environmental influences on phenotypes
Healthful choices
DNA
a organisms genetic material
A nucleotide
Is a molecule made of nitrogen base
Replication
The process of copying of DNA molecule
Transcription
The process of making mRNA from DNA
Translation
The process of making a protein from RNA
Mutation
A change in nucleotide sequence of a gene
Three types of RNA
MRNA, tRNA,rRNA
