Genetics

Question 1

What is genetics?

Answer 1

Genetics is the study of inheritance, which seeks to explain how traits are passed on from one generation to the next.

Question 2

A trait is a distinguishing physical quality. Examples?

Answer 2

• Eye color
• Hair color
• Shape of nose

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the genetic code for a particular protein

Question 4

What is a protein?

Answer 4

A protein is a molecule that makes up the traits of your body and perform many functions of living things.

Question 5

Genes come in different versions called?

Answer 5

Alleles

Question 6

Where can genes be found on?

Answer 6

Chromosomes; Genes are found on chromosomes, which are made up of DNA wrapped up around protein

Question 7

In most eukaryotes cells contain pairs of?

Answer 7

Chromosomes; with one chromosome of each pair coming from each parent.

Question 8

Chromosomes in pairs are called ___________?

Answer 8

Homologs

Question 9

What are alleles?

Answer 9

Alleles are alternate forms of the same gene.

Question 10

Homologs resemble what?

Answer 10

They resemble each other, having the same shape, and carrying genetic information for particular traits

Question 11

Genes control our ?

Answer 11

Traits and Characteristics

Question 12

Actual characteristics that can be observed are referred to as ____? (Eg - height, size of feet)

Answer 12

Phenotype

Question 13

The genes that control the phenotype are referred to as ______?

Answer 13

Genotype

Question 14

What does genotype refer to?

Answer 14

Genotype refers to the genetic of the individual. This is all the information that is found inside the individual’s cells.

Question 15

What is phenotype?

Answer 15

Phenotype is the expression of the genotype that is visible to other people and can be observed.

Question 16

Who is Gregor Mendel?

Answer 16

He was an Austrian monk who lived in the mid 1800s.

Question 17

What did Gregor Mendel do?

Answer 17

He experimented with pea plants to study how traits are passed on from parent to offspring.

Question 18

What is something that Gregor Mendel learned?

Answer 18

• The alleles that an individual inherits makes up their genotype
• Those two alleles might be same or different
• One allele will be the dominant allele and the other will be the recessive allele.

Question 19

What can alleles be represented by?

Answer 19

Alleles can be represented by using letters of the English alphabet

Question 20

What is Homozygous ?

Answer 20

Having two IDENTICAL alleles for a particular gene (BB)

Question 21

What is heterozygous?

Answer 21

Having two DIFFERENT alleles for a particular gene (Bb)

Question 22

What are Punnett squares?

Answer 22

A punnett square is a tool that can be used to predict probability regarding inheritance of traits.

Question 23

Each parent has how many alleles for a particular gene?

Answer 23

Two

Question 24

An offspring receives one allele from each parent. True or False?

Answer 24

True

Question 25

A Punnett square shows what?

Answer 25

A Punnett square shows how the parents’ alleles may be passed on to potential offspring.

Question 26

How to draw a Punnett square?

Answer 26

1. Draw a box and divide it into 4 squares
2. Write the male parent’s alleles along the top and the female parent’s alleles along the left side
3. Copy the Female alleles into the boxes and copy the Male alleles into the boxes.