Genetics Flashcards
metabolic pathways, conditional mutants
Genes
individual units of heredity that correspond to a particular segment of DNA, whose unique sequence (A,T,C,G) codes for a particular trait
Chromosomes
-structures made up of DNA wound around proteins called histones
-one set of chromosomes from mother, one from father
-22 pairs non-sex, 1 pair sex
Aneuploidy
atypical number of chromosomes
Down syndrome
trisomy 21
klinefelter’s syndrome
XXY
turner’s syndrome
X
Allele
version of the gene
Genome
-entire genetic material
-1 base pair is like C-G
haploid genome
one set of chromosomes
Where is genetic information stored?
The nuclei of most of our cells in our body (not red blood cell)
Genotype
refers to the specific allele combination for a gene
Phenotype
outward expression of the genotype
Mendel’s law of segregation
A parent contains two alleles of a gene but randomly contributes just one allele of the gene to its offspring. Result: Offspring inherits the gene from mon and one from dad
Punnett square
determines potential genotypes of offspring
Homozygous dominant
ex: PP