Genetics 15.1, 15.2 long answers

Question 1

who was ultimately responsible for the discovery of the DNA double helix?

Answer 1

watson and crick

Question 2

what is a nucleotide

Answer 2

sum of three things together; sugar, phosphate, and one nitrogen base

Question 3

what are the four nitogenous bases of DNA

Answer 3

C=cytosine - G=guanine
A=adenine - T=thymine

Question 4

how are DNA and RNA different

Answer 4

RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose
nitrogenous base of uracil instead of thymine
single stranded instead of double

Question 5

during which stage of the cell cycle foes DNA replication occur

Answer 5

S phase

Question 6

what are the three stages of DNA replication

Answer 6

anitation, elongation, termination

Question 7

what are the functions of the following enzymes in DNA replication?
- DNA helicase
- RNA primase
- DNA polymerase
-DNA ligase

Answer 7

DNA helicase: unwind DNA
RNA primase: lays the foundation doe DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase: adds nucleotides, proofreading
DNA ligase: glues/joins okazaki fragments on the lagging strands

Question 8

where do transcription and translation take place

Answer 8

transcription takes place in the nucleous
translation takes place in the ribosome

Question 9

differentiate between transcription and translation

Answer 9

transcription is DNA being rewritten into mRNA
translation is the process of converting mRNA into a functional protein

Question 10

what are the three types of RNA molecules in protein synthesis

Answer 10

Messenger RNA (mRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 11

what does RNA polymerase do in transcription

Answer 11

add base pairs