Genetics 15.1, 15.2 defintions Flashcards

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1
Q

nucleotides

A

repeating unit of nucleic acids; composed of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous

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2
Q

complementary base pairs

A

refers to hydrogen-bonded base pairs (A-T, G-C)

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3
Q

genome

A

the total DNA in an organisms cells

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4
Q

replication

A

in genetics, the process of copying DNA

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5
Q

replication origin

A

nucleotide sequence where DNA replication begins

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6
Q

DNA polymerase

A

enzyme that adds nucleotides to a new strand of DNA being made

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7
Q

elongation

A

in replication, the process of joining nucleotides to extend a new strand of DNA

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8
Q

leading strand

A

in replication, the strand made continuosuly

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9
Q

lagging strand

A

in replication, the strand made in segments

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10
Q

okazaki fragments

A

short nucleotide fragments of the lagging strand

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11
Q

termination

A

in DNA replication, the completion of new DNA strands and dismantling of the replication machine

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12
Q

DNA sequencing

A

process of identifying the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment

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13
Q

transcription

A

process of producing RNA from DNA

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14
Q

translation

A

process of producing a polypeptide based on a mRNA sequence

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15
Q

codon

A

set of three bases that code for an amino acid

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16
Q

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

RNA that carries the genetic code from DNA to protein synthesis machinery

17
Q

RNA polymerase

A

main enzyme involved in formation of RNA from DNA

18
Q

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

works with mRNA in translation by delivering correct amino acids

19
Q

genomics

A

the study of genomes

20
Q

proteomics

A

the study of proteins produced from a genome

21
Q

DNA

A

thread-like molecule made up of two complementary strands of nucleotides bound together in the shape of a double helix

22
Q

RNA

A

a nucleic acid with structural similarities to DNA

23
Q

semi-conservative replication

A

when a DNA molecule is copied, each new model contains one parental DNA strand (conserved) and one new DNA strand

24
Q

replication fork

A

regions at which the DNA helix is unwound

25
Q

replication bubble

A

unwound open region of the DNA helix from where the replication of DNA occurs

26
Q

bidirectional replication

A

DNA replication happens in two directions to speed up the replication process

27
Q

antiparrallel

A

a line that forms equal angles with two other lines, but in opposite directions (the two strands that form a DNA molecule are antiparrallel

28
Q

protein

A

two or more polypeptides

29
Q

polypeptide

A

long chains consisting of linked amino acids

30
Q

amino acid

A

molecules that combine to form proteins

31
Q

sense strand

A

the other strand of DNA that does not form mRNA

32
Q

anti-sense strand

A

the side/strand of DNA on which mRNA forms