Genetics 15.1, 15.2 defintions Flashcards
nucleotides
repeating unit of nucleic acids; composed of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous
complementary base pairs
refers to hydrogen-bonded base pairs (A-T, G-C)
genome
the total DNA in an organisms cells
replication
in genetics, the process of copying DNA
replication origin
nucleotide sequence where DNA replication begins
DNA polymerase
enzyme that adds nucleotides to a new strand of DNA being made
elongation
in replication, the process of joining nucleotides to extend a new strand of DNA
leading strand
in replication, the strand made continuosuly
lagging strand
in replication, the strand made in segments
okazaki fragments
short nucleotide fragments of the lagging strand
termination
in DNA replication, the completion of new DNA strands and dismantling of the replication machine
DNA sequencing
process of identifying the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment
transcription
process of producing RNA from DNA
translation
process of producing a polypeptide based on a mRNA sequence
codon
set of three bases that code for an amino acid