Genetics 15.1, 15.2 defintions

Question 1

nucleotides

Answer 1

repeating unit of nucleic acids; composed of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous

Question 2

complementary base pairs

Answer 2

refers to hydrogen-bonded base pairs (A-T, G-C)

Question 3

genome

Answer 3

the total DNA in an organisms cells

Question 4

replication

Answer 4

in genetics, the process of copying DNA

Question 5

replication origin

Answer 5

nucleotide sequence where DNA replication begins

Question 6

DNA polymerase

Answer 6

enzyme that adds nucleotides to a new strand of DNA being made

Question 7

elongation

Answer 7

in replication, the process of joining nucleotides to extend a new strand of DNA

Question 8

leading strand

Answer 8

in replication, the strand made continuosuly

Question 9

lagging strand

Answer 9

in replication, the strand made in segments

Question 10

okazaki fragments

Answer 10

short nucleotide fragments of the lagging strand

Question 11

termination

Answer 11

in DNA replication, the completion of new DNA strands and dismantling of the replication machine

Question 12

DNA sequencing

Answer 12

process of identifying the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment

Question 13

transcription

Answer 13

process of producing RNA from DNA

Question 14

translation

Answer 14

process of producing a polypeptide based on a mRNA sequence

Question 15

codon

Answer 15

set of three bases that code for an amino acid

Question 16

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 16

RNA that carries the genetic code from DNA to protein synthesis machinery

Question 17

RNA polymerase

Answer 17

main enzyme involved in formation of RNA from DNA

Question 18

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 18

works with mRNA in translation by delivering correct amino acids

Question 19

genomics

Answer 19

the study of genomes

Question 20

proteomics

Answer 20

the study of proteins produced from a genome

Question 21

DNA

Answer 21

thread-like molecule made up of two complementary strands of nucleotides bound together in the shape of a double helix

Question 22

RNA

Answer 22

a nucleic acid with structural similarities to DNA

Question 23

semi-conservative replication

Answer 23

when a DNA molecule is copied, each new model contains one parental DNA strand (conserved) and one new DNA strand

Question 24

replication fork

Answer 24

regions at which the DNA helix is unwound

Question 25

replication bubble

Answer 25

unwound open region of the DNA helix from where the replication of DNA occurs

Question 26

bidirectional replication

Answer 26

DNA replication happens in two directions to speed up the replication process

Question 27

antiparrallel

Answer 27

a line that forms equal angles with two other lines, but in opposite directions (the two strands that form a DNA molecule are antiparrallel

Question 28

protein

Answer 28

two or more polypeptides

Question 29

polypeptide

Answer 29

long chains consisting of linked amino acids

Question 30

amino acid

Answer 30

molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 31

sense strand

Answer 31

the other strand of DNA that does not form mRNA

Question 32

anti-sense strand

Answer 32

the side/strand of DNA on which mRNA forms