genetics Flashcards
who is the father of genetics and what plant did he study
Gregor Mendel and he studied pea plants
what is an allele
one or more different forms of a gene that codes for different versions of the same trait/ characteristics, for example, eye colour.
what is a locus
the corresponding location of two matching genes on a pair of homologous chromosomes.
what is genotype
it is made up of all the genes that an organism carries on its chromosomes which it inherited from its parents.
what is the physical appearance of an organism called
phenotype
if the pair of alleles at the locus are the same what is that called?
homozygous
what is heterozygous
this is if the pair of alleles at the locus are different, the organism is heterozygous for that trait.
what are autosomes
they are any chromosome that is not a sec chromosome
what is homogametic
it is used to define an organism or individual producing all the gametes of a same type
what is heterogametic
forming two kinds of gametes of which one determines the offspring of one sex and the other determines the offspring of the opposite sex eg males are heterogametic
what is haemophilia
a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even the slightest injury
colour blindness
the inability to distinguish certain colours or any colour at all.
what is the characteristics of 22 of our chromosomes
they have more or less the same shape and size and are called autosomes
how do the 23rd chromosomes differ from the rest
they differ n shape and they are called sex chromosomes/gonosomes. they determine the sex of the offspring i.e. male or female.
difference between the x and y chromosome
the x chromosome is longer than the y chromosome.
