Genetics

Question 1

Genetics:

Answer 1

The study of the patterns of inheritance, genes, and genetic variation.

Question 2

Gregor Mendel:

Answer 2

Tracked and recorded the transmission of seven visible traits through several generations of pea plants.

Question 3

P1:

Answer 3

The parental generation which crosses first.

Question 4

F1:

Answer 4

The filial generation where the offspring from the first P cross.

Question 5

Purebred:

Answer 5

Homozygous individuals.

Question 6

Genes:

Answer 6

What traits are determined by.

Question 7

Alleles:

Answer 7

The specific alternations between genes.

Question 8

Dominant:

Answer 8

The stronger of the two alleles able to mask the other trait. Represented by a capital letter.

Question 9

Recessive:

Answer 9

The allele that is masked by the more dominant allele represented by a lowercase letter.

Question 10

The Principle of Dominance:

Answer 10

If one allele is dominant and the other is recessive, the dominant allele can override its potential influence over the recessive allele.

Question 11

Diploid organisms have ___ allele(s) of every gene.

Answer 11

two

Question 12

Homozygous:

Answer 12

When both alleles of a gene pair are the same.

Question 13

Heterozygous:

Answer 13

When the alleles of a gene pair are different.

Question 14

Genotype:

Answer 14

Two alleles put together.

Question 15

Phenotype:

Answer 15

The physical expression of the genotype.

Question 16

The Principle of Segregation:

Answer 16

Two copies of a gene pair undergo segregation during the formation of sex cells during meiosis.

Question 17

The Principle of Independent Assortment:

Answer 17

Allele pairs separate independently during gamete formation, and traits are passed onto offspring independently of one another.

Question 18

Incomplete Dominance:

Answer 18

A heterozygous organism that shows a blending of genes because neither gene is dominant. The result is a new phenotype.

Question 19

Codominance:

Answer 19

When two different alleles contribute to a phenotype which results in both phenotypes showing up.

Question 20

Autosome:

Answer 20

A chromosome not involved in sex determination.

Question 21

Does the male or female determine the offspring’s sex?

Answer 21

The male.

Question 22

Genes for sex-linked traits are carried on the _ chromosome but not the _ chromosome.

Answer 22

X, Y

Question 23

Who discovered sex linkage?

Answer 23

Thomas Hunt Morgan.

Question 24

Polygenic Inheritance:

Answer 24

When different genes interact to control the phenotypic expression of a single trait.

Question 25

Epistasis:

Answer 25

When the allele of one gene suppresses the action of an allele of another gene.

Question 26

Simple Interaction:

Answer 26

When two or more genes affect the same characteristic.

Question 27

Pedigrees:

Answer 27

A family tree in which the inheritance of a trait can be traced from parents to offspring.

Question 28

What are the six mechanisms of inheritance for pedigrees?

Answer 28

Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, sex-linked recessive, sex-linked dominant, Y-link, and mitochondrial.

Question 29

Linked genes:

Answer 29

Genes found on the same chromosome. Independant assortment does not occur during gamete formation.

Question 30

Genes located (farther from/closer to) each other cross over at higher frequencies.

Answer 30

farther from