Genetics Flashcards
How many chromosomes does the dog have?
38 autosomal pairs and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
How many chromosomes does the cat have?
18 autosomal pairs and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
For an autosomal recessive trait, what percent of offspring will be affected after mating two heterozygous parents?
25%
For an autosomal recessive trait, what percent of offspring will be affected after mating two homozygous affected parents?
100%
The most common mode of inheritance in dogs and cats is _____?
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal recessive nephritis (Alport syndrome) occurs in what breed of dog?
English Cocker Spaniel
Exercise induced collapse in Labradors is inherited by what mode?
Autosomal recessive
Cystinuria is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner in what dog breed?
Labrador Retriever
Cystinuria is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in what dog breed?
Australian cattle dog
For an autosomal dominant trait, each affected offspring should have one parent that is _____?
Also affected (can be heterozygous or homozygous)
Polycystic kidney disease is inherited in what manner?
Autosomal dominant
Dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers is inherited in what manner?
Autosomal dominant
X lined myotubular myopathy is identified in what dog breed?
Rottweilers
The study of chromosomal number and shape is called ____
Cytogenetics
In genetics, what does the term expression refer to?
Variation in the clinical features of a genetic disorder (how severely affected the patient is)
What is a missense mutation?
A change in a single nucleotide that results in formation of a different amino acid than what is typically present
What is a nonsense mutation?
A change in a single nucleotide that results in formation of a premature stop codon
In genetics, what does the term penetrance refer to?
The proportion of individuals with a disease gene variant that will develop the disease. Complete penetrance = 100% of individuals have the disease. Incomplete penetrance = less than 100% develop the disease, despite having the gene mutation
In genetics, what does the term polymorphism refer to?
Naturally occurring single base pair variants in the DNA sequence that do not cause disease and occur in at least 5% of the population
All dogs/cats with abnormal sexual development or infertility should have this test performed
Karyotype
Maine Coon hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is caused by what mutation?
A31P
Describe the penetrance and expressivity of Maine Coon hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Incomplete penetrance and variable expression
What is pharmacogenetics?
The study of the impact of genetic variation on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
What enzyme is responsible for metabolizing drugs such as azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine?
Thiopurine methyltransferase
