Dermatology

Question 1

Name 4 hormonal conditions associated with alopecia

Answer 1

Hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, hyperestrogenism, and pituitary dwarfism

Question 2

Why does hypothyroidism result in alopecia?

Answer 2

Thyroid hormone is needed for hair follicles to cycle into the anagen phase. Without it, hairs remain in telogen until shed and are not replaced with new hairs

Question 3

Where does hair loss first occur with hypothyroidism?

Answer 3

Bridge of the nose, pinnae, elbows, tail

Question 4

Hypothyroidism can result in mucinosis, or thickening of the skin. What causes this change?

Answer 4

Accumulation of hyaluronic acid in the dermis

Question 5

Name 7 dermatologic changes associated with hyperadrenocorticism

Answer 5

Alopecia, dull hair coat, thinning of the skin, hyperpigmentation, easy bruise formation, phlebectasis (dilation of blood vessels), striae (pigmented stretch marks), poor wound healing, secondary bacterial skin infections, calcinosis cutis

Question 6

What estrogen secreting testicular tumor can result in hyperestrogenemia in male dogs?

Answer 6

Sertoli cell tumor

Question 7

Name 5 clinical signs of hyperestrogenemia in male dogs

Answer 7

Nipple enlargement, pendulous prepuce, ventral hyperpigmentation, alopecia, attracting male dogs, atrophy of one testicle, testicular mass

Question 8

What is linear preputial dermatosis and what is it caused by?

Answer 8

Linear, erythematous or hyper pigmented narrow band of skin between the preputial orifice and the scrotum. Caused by hyperestrogenism

Question 9

Pituitary dwarfism is an autosomal recessive disorder in what dog breeds?

Answer 9

German Shepherd, Karelian bear dog

Question 10

Name 3 symptoms of pituitary dwarfism in dogs

Answer 10

Bilaterally symmetric alopecia, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, proportionate dwarfism

Question 11

How do you diagnose pituitary dwarfism in dogs?

Answer 11

Low circulating IGF-1 concentrations

Question 12

What skin lesions are associated with feline thymomas?

Answer 12

Alopecia, erythema, crusting, and scaling. Secondary yeast infections are common

Question 13

Discoid lupus erythematosus causes skin lesions on what part of the body?

Answer 13

Nasal planum, dorsal aspect of the nose

Question 14

Exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus affects what dog breed and causes what skin lesions?

Answer 14

German Shorthaired Pointers; causes excessive scaling and crusting of the muzzle, pinnae, and dorsum

Question 15

Dermatomyositis occurs most often in which breeds?

Answer 15

Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs

Question 16

Name 5 symptoms of dermatomyositis

Answer 16

Crusting, scaling, alopecia, gait abnormalities, dysphagia, megaesophagus, skin atrophy

Question 17

Rapid development of extensive alopecia in an older cat raises concern for what neoplasia?

Answer 17

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. More rarely, biliary cholangiocarcinoma or hepatic carcinoma

Question 18

Zinc deficiency results in what skin lesions?

Answer 18

Erythema, alopecia, scales, and crusts on the face, mucocutaneous junctions, feet and footpads

Question 19

Zinc responsive dermatitis most frequently occurs in what breeds?

Answer 19

Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky

Question 20

Lethal acral dermatitis or acrodermatitis occurs in what breed?

Answer 20

Bull Terriers

Question 21

Name 4 clinical signs of lethal acral dermatitis

Answer 21

Lighter than normal skin pigment, difficulty chewing or swallowing, splayed digits, cracking of the footpads, ulcerated crusted lesions on the ear pinnae and mucocutaneous junctions

Question 22

Canine distemper causes what skin lesions?

Answer 22

Hyperkeratosis of the footpads and nasal planum

Question 23

Hepatocutaneous syndrome is also known as (name 2)

Answer 23

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis, metabolic epidermal necrosis, necrolytic migratory erythema

Question 24

Hepatocutaneous syndrome can be caused by what disease process?

Answer 24

Any chronic liver disease, glucagon secreting tumor of the pancreas

Question 25

Describe how hepatocutaneous syndrome leads to skin lesions

Answer 25

Degenerative of keratinocytes, resulting in epidermal edema and necrosis

Question 26

Degenerative of keratinocytes in hepatocutaneous syndrome is caused by what?

Answer 26

Amino acid deficiency

Question 27

What skin lesions are found in hepatocutaneous syndrome?

Answer 27

Crusts and ulcerations with perilesional edema, begins on the mucocutaneous junctions, face, footpads

Question 28

Histopathology of skin biopsies reveals what in cases of hepatocutaneous syndrome?

Answer 28

Red, white, and blue zones: basal cell hyperplasia, vacuolar degeneration of the stratum spinosum, and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis

Question 29

Calcinosis cutis is caused by deposition of what in association with collagen or elastin?

Answer 29

Apatite crystals

Question 30

Yellow-white papules, nodules, or plaques located on the head, feet, or limbs in a dog with hyperlipidemia are called what?

Answer 30

Xanthomas

Question 31

Nodular dermatofibromas are found in what dog breed?

Answer 31

German Shepherd

Question 32

Nodular dermatofibromas are caused by a mutation in what gene? What other abnormalities result?

Answer 32

Folliculin gene; also causes renal cysts, cystadenocarcimonas, and uterine leiomyomas/leiomyosarcomas

Question 33

Sterile nodular panniculitis has been associated with what disease?

Answer 33

Pancreatitis, pancreatic neoplasia

Question 34

Sterile, subcutaneous nodules that ulcerate and drain a purulent or oily substance are called what?

Answer 34

Sterile nodular panniculitis

Question 35

Name 3 symptoms of cutaneous asthenia (Ehlers Danlos syndrome)

Answer 35

Hyperextensible skin that tears easily, excessive joint laxity, hernias, vascular complications

Question 36

Acquired skin fragility in cats is most often associated with what hormonal disease?

Answer 36

Hyperadrenocorticism