Genetics

Question 1

Haploid

Answer 1

n - 23 chromosomes

Question 2

Diploid

Answer 2

2n - 46 chromosones

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

length of DNA that controls a specific characteristic by coding production of protein. (Eye Colour)

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

one specific form of a gene, differing from other forms of alleles, (Blue Eyes or Brown Eyes)

Question 5

Phenotype

Answer 5

the behaviour or feature of an organism (what you see)

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

the allele combination of the gene that codes for the phenotype

Question 7

Gene Pool

Answer 7

all of the alleles that are present in a population

Question 8

Independent Assortment

Answer 8

during meiosis, alleles on one pair of homologous chromosomes separate independently from allele pairs on other chromosomes (maternal vs paternal). [the pairs separate randomly into the daughter cells produced, randomly selected genes for the daughter cells]. Metaphase 1.

Question 9

Allele Segregation

Answer 9

each pair of alleles (T and t) is sorted into different gametes, by separating chromatids to form 2 chromosomes going to different gametes. Metaphase 2

Question 10

Crossing Over

Answer 10

homologous chromosones tangle during meiosis and exchange genes/alleles (also called recombination)

Question 11

Gametic Mutation

Answer 11

mutations in sex cells (sperm/eggs), is genetically heritable

Question 12

Somatic Mutation

Answer 12

mutations that can occur in any part of the body (that are not gametic cells), these are not genetically heritable

Question 13

Homologous Chromosome

Answer 13

pair of chromosomes that carry genes for the same trait

Question 14

Mutations

Answer 14

changes in the genetic code, often caused by a mutagen, in which genetic code is not copied properly

Question 15

Mutagens

Answer 15

environmental factors that cause a change in DNA eg. radiation

Question 16

Test Cross

Answer 16

mating an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive to discover genotype

Purebred (Homozygous Dominant): All Ab phenotypes

Question 17

Co-Dominance

Answer 17

both alleles are independently and equally expressed in the heterozygote

Question 18

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 18

one allele is not completely dominant over the other, heterozygote is a mixture of the two alleles

Question 19

Linked Genes

Answer 19

genes that reside on the same chromosome, and are inherited together during meiosis

Phenotype ratio: 3:1

Question 20

Natural Selection

Answer 20

individuals with alleles most adapted to the environment will survive and reproduce and as these favourable genes onto their offspring.