Genetics Flashcards
a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism
chromosome
the basic unit of heredity that controls a trait, located at a specific location on a chromosome
gene
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene
allele
a variation of a gene that produces a certain phenotype
dominant allele
a variation of a gene that does NOT produce a phenotype if a dominant allele is present
recessive allele
a cell resulting from the fusion of two gametes (sex cells)
zygote
the observable traits of an organism that result from their genotype
phenotype
the set of two alleles that determine the phenotype of an organism
genotype
having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes
homozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes
heterzygous
equal division of the cell’s content into two daughter cells that have identical genomes
type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm)
a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism
budding
