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Science 7 (21-22) > Forces & Motion > Flashcards

Forces & Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

standards for measurement of physical quantities that need clear definition to be useful

Note: “physical” applies to what is perceived directly by the senses (not distorted by emotion) and may contrast with “mental, spiritual, or imaginary”.

A

units

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2
Q

International System of Units, includes 7 base (basic) units, from which all other units are derived

Note: “SI” (aka “metric system”) is the international abbreviation in all languages - in most languages the adjective comes AFTER the noun it describes.

A

SI (International System of Units)

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3
Q

mutually independent (not connected in any way)

Note: “mutually independent” rather than “mutually exclusive” (can’t both exist/happen at the same time - incompatible)

A

“base” units

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4
Q

SI base unit for mass

Note: This unit is defined by Planck’s constant.

A

kilogram (kg)

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5
Q

SI base unit for length/distance

Note: This unit is defined by the speed of light (distance covered by light in a vacuum in exactly 1/299,792,458 seconds).

A

meter (m)

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6
Q

SI base unit for the amount of a substance

Note: This unit is defined by Avogadro’s constant.

A

mole (mol)

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7
Q

SI base unit for electrical current

Note: This unit is defined by the elemental electric charge e.

A

ampere (A)

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8
Q

SI base unit for temperature

Note: This unit is based on the Boltzmann constant (a universal physical constant).

A

kelvin (K)

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9
Q

SI base unit for luminous intensity

Note: This unit is defined by luminous efficiency of monochromatic radiation with a frequency of 540 x 10^12 Hz.

A

candela (cd)

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10
Q

SI basic unit for time

Note: This unit is defined by the frequency of hyperfine splitting of the ground state of the cesium-133 atom.

A

second (s)

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11
Q

obtained by multiplying or dividing base units, may be obvious (m/s) or may have a special name (newton, joule, watt)

A

derived unit

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12
Q

the energy associated with the relative motion of objects

A

kinetic energy

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13
Q

a measure in degrees of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter

A

temperature

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14
Q

kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms.
energy in its most random form

A

thermal energy

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15
Q

thermal energy in transfer from one body to another

A

heat

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16
Q

a push or a pull; something that changes the motion of an object

A

force

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17
Q

unit used to measure force

A

newton

18
Q

speed and direction (rate of change of an object’s position)

A

velocity

19
Q

a change in velocity over time and how fast that change happened; the difference between the final velocity and the initial velocity

A

acceleration

20
Q

resistance to change in motion

A

inertia

21
Q

the rate at which something moves

A

speed

22
Q

an object in motion, will stay in motion, and an object at rest will stay at rest, until an unbalanced force acts on it

A

newtons first law

23
Q

an object that has an unbalanced force acting on it, will accelerate in the direction of that force

A

newtons second law

24
Q

magnitude of a force

A

size of a force (ex: 10 Newtons)

25
Q

sum all vector forces acting on a body

A

net force

26
Q

a point in space that does not move

A

reference point

27
Q

the frictional force that air exerts on a moving object; acts opposite in direction to the object’s motion

A

air resistance

28
Q

two or more forces that are equal and opposite of one another; do not cause a change in motion

A

balanced force

29
Q

speed that stays the same and does not change

A

constant speed

30
Q

a decrease in speed over time

A

deceleration

31
Q

the measurement of two positions; can either be a straight line or a measure of a path taken

A

distance

32
Q

a tool used to plot how far an object moves over a given time; average speeds can be calculated from this

A

Distance-Time Graph

33
Q

a force that resists the motion between two surfaces in contact

A

friction

34
Q

a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses

A

gravity

35
Q

the object an observer uses to detect motion

A

reference point

36
Q

is the resistance of an object to a change in the speed or direction of its motion

A

inertia

37
Q

a measure of the amount of matter in an object

A

mass

38
Q

the change of position over time

A

motion

39
Q

the location of a place of an object

A

position

40
Q

the measure of how fast something moves or the distance it moves in a given amount of time. (RATE of MOTION)

A

speed

41
Q

two or more forces that are not equal and opposite of one another; can cause a change in motion

A

unbalanced force

42
Q

a measure of the force of gravity on an object

A

weight

Science 7 (21-22) (6 decks)

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