Forces & Motion

Question 1

standards for measurement of physical quantities that need clear definition to be useful

Note: “physical” applies to what is perceived directly by the senses (not distorted by emotion) and may contrast with “mental, spiritual, or imaginary”.

Answer 1

units

Question 2

International System of Units, includes 7 base (basic) units, from which all other units are derived

Note: “SI” (aka “metric system”) is the international abbreviation in all languages - in most languages the adjective comes AFTER the noun it describes.

Answer 2

SI (International System of Units)

Question 3

mutually independent (not connected in any way)

Note: “mutually independent” rather than “mutually exclusive” (can’t both exist/happen at the same time - incompatible)

Answer 3

“base” units

Question 4

SI base unit for mass

Note: This unit is defined by Planck’s constant.

Answer 4

kilogram (kg)

Question 5

SI base unit for length/distance

Note: This unit is defined by the speed of light (distance covered by light in a vacuum in exactly 1/299,792,458 seconds).

Answer 5

meter (m)

Question 6

SI base unit for the amount of a substance

Note: This unit is defined by Avogadro’s constant.

Answer 6

mole (mol)

Question 7

SI base unit for electrical current

Note: This unit is defined by the elemental electric charge e.

Answer 7

ampere (A)

Question 8

SI base unit for temperature

Note: This unit is based on the Boltzmann constant (a universal physical constant).

Answer 8

kelvin (K)

Question 9

SI base unit for luminous intensity

Note: This unit is defined by luminous efficiency of monochromatic radiation with a frequency of 540 x 10^12 Hz.

Answer 9

candela (cd)

Question 10

SI basic unit for time

Note: This unit is defined by the frequency of hyperfine splitting of the ground state of the cesium-133 atom.

Answer 10

second (s)

Question 11

obtained by multiplying or dividing base units, may be obvious (m/s) or may have a special name (newton, joule, watt)

Answer 11

derived unit

Question 12

the energy associated with the relative motion of objects

Answer 12

kinetic energy

Question 13

a measure in degrees of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter

Answer 13

temperature

Question 14

kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms.
energy in its most random form

Answer 14

thermal energy

Question 15

thermal energy in transfer from one body to another

Answer 15

heat

Question 16

a push or a pull; something that changes the motion of an object

Answer 16

force

Question 17

unit used to measure force

Answer 17

newton

Question 18

speed and direction (rate of change of an object’s position)

Answer 18

velocity

Question 19

a change in velocity over time and how fast that change happened; the difference between the final velocity and the initial velocity

Answer 19

acceleration

Question 20

resistance to change in motion

Answer 20

inertia

Question 21

the rate at which something moves

Answer 21

speed

Question 22

an object in motion, will stay in motion, and an object at rest will stay at rest, until an unbalanced force acts on it

Answer 22

newtons first law

Question 23

an object that has an unbalanced force acting on it, will accelerate in the direction of that force

Answer 23

newtons second law

Question 24

magnitude of a force

Answer 24

size of a force (ex: 10 Newtons)

Question 25

sum all vector forces acting on a body

Answer 25

net force

Question 26

a point in space that does not move

Answer 26

reference point

Question 27

the frictional force that air exerts on a moving object; acts opposite in direction to the object's motion

Answer 27

air resistance

Question 28

two or more forces that are equal and opposite of one another; do not cause a change in motion

Answer 28

balanced force

Question 29

speed that stays the same and does not change

Answer 29

constant speed

Question 30

a decrease in speed over time

Answer 30

deceleration

Question 31

the measurement of two positions; can either be a straight line or a measure of a path taken

Answer 31

distance

Question 32

a tool used to plot how far an object moves over a given time; average speeds can be calculated from this

Answer 32

Distance-Time Graph

Question 33

a force that resists the motion between two surfaces in contact

Answer 33

friction

Question 34

a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses

Answer 34

gravity

Question 35

the object an observer uses to detect motion

Answer 35

reference point

Question 36

is the resistance of an object to a change in the speed or direction of its motion

Answer 36

inertia

Question 37

a measure of the amount of matter in an object

Answer 37

mass

Question 38

the change of position over time

Answer 38

motion

Question 39

the location of a place of an object

Answer 39

position

Question 40

the measure of how fast something moves or the distance it moves in a given amount of time. (RATE of MOTION)

Answer 40

speed

Question 41

two or more forces that are not equal and opposite of one another; can cause a change in motion

Answer 41

unbalanced force

Question 42

a measure of the force of gravity on an object

Answer 42

weight