Genetics Flashcards
Abiotic Factor
Non-living environmental factor, such as temperature, pH, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration
Acetylation
Addition of an acetyl group COCH3
One of several histone modifications that can control transcription
Addition
Type of gene mutation in which a base is added, causing a frame shift in one direction so that many codons are changed
Adult stem cell
Multipotent cells found only in specific adult tissues, including bone marrow, that can only nature into limited number of cell types
Autosome
Any chronosome that is not a sex-determining chromosome
In meiosis, why do X and Y chromosomes pair up differently
Don’t form a typical bivalent
X and Y are different sizes and shapes and lengths
Chromatids are unable to line up and firm bivalent because most of the length is not homologous and short pairing region
Gene
A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
Genotype
The genetic constitution of an organism
All the alleles it possesses
Genepool
All the alleles within an interbreeding population at a specific time
Population
All the individuals of the same species that occupy the same area at the same time
Phenotype
The expression of observable characteristics of an organisms genotype and its interaction with its environment
Locus
The position of a gene on a chromosome
Different alleles for same gene are found in same loci on homologous chromosomes
Homozygous
Most organisms are diploid
Having two copies of the same allele of a gene
Heterozygous
Most organisms are diploid
Having two different copies of an allele of a gene
Usually phenotype isn’t a mixture of them both and one is expressed in it only
Dominant allele
Always expressed in the phenotype regardless of being homozygous or heterozygous
Recessive allele
Only expressed in the phenotype if genotype is homozygous