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Grade 11 Bio > Genetics 1 > Flashcards

Genetics 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Steps of Mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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2
Q

Steps of Meiosis

A

Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1

Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2

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3
Q

Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis

A

Mitosis is body cells(somatic) and has 46 chromosomes
Mitosis is gametes (sex cells) and has 23 chromosomes

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4
Q

Chromosome number for Haploid

A

23 chromosomes

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5
Q

Chromosome number for diploid

A

46 chromosomes

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6
Q

The three genetic variation

A

Crossing over
Independent assortment
Random fertilization

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7
Q

What is a Karyotype

A

An image that shows the chromosomes of an organism that’s arranged by size and banding pattern

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8
Q

What are the 4 bases of DNA

A

Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine

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9
Q

What does Adenine pair with

A

Thymine

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10
Q

What does guanine pair with

A

Cytosine

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11
Q

What are bases bonded together by

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

A double ring and what pair forms it

A

Purines
Adenine and Guanine forms it

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13
Q

A single ring and what forms it

A

Pyrimidines
Thymine and cytosine forms it

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14
Q

Helicase

A

Enzyme that unwinds DNA

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15
Q

Leading Strand

A

Strand that moves in a continuous way from the 3’ to 5’ direction

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16
Q

Lagging strand

A

Strand that moves in the opposite direction of the replication fork, 5’ to 3’ direction

17
Q

3 major events in Prophase

A

Chromosomes condense
Spindle fibers form
Chromosomes are captured by spindle

18
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell

19
Q

Anaphase

A

Spindle fibers shorten and lengthen, separating the chromosomes

20
Q

Telophase

A

Spindle fibers disintegrate
Nucleus envelops around both groups of chromosomes
Chromosomes revert into chromatin

21
Q

Prophase 1(longest)

A

Chromosomes condense
Nucleus disappear
Spindle forms
Synapsis occurs where homologous chromosomes come together (tetras forms)
Crossing over

22
Q

Metaphase 1

A

Tetrad align on the equator of the cell
Independent assortment

23
Q

Anaphase 1

A

Homologous chromosomes separate
Sister chromatids remain attached

24
Q

Telophase 1

A

Poles has haploid set of chromosomes
Prepares for cytokinesis

25
Q

Prophase 2

A

Nucleus disappears
Chromosomes condense
Spindle fibers form

26
Q

Metaphase 2

A

Chromosomes align on equator of the cell

27
Q

Anaphase 2

A

Sister chromatids separate

28
Q

Telophase 2

A

Nucleus membrane reforms
Spindle disappears

Grade 11 Bio (4 decks)

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