Genetics 1 Flashcards
Steps of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Steps of Meiosis
Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2
Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis is body cells(somatic) and has 46 chromosomes
Mitosis is gametes (sex cells) and has 23 chromosomes
Chromosome number for Haploid
23 chromosomes
Chromosome number for diploid
46 chromosomes
The three genetic variation
Crossing over
Independent assortment
Random fertilization
What is a Karyotype
An image that shows the chromosomes of an organism that’s arranged by size and banding pattern
What are the 4 bases of DNA
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
What does Adenine pair with
Thymine
What does guanine pair with
Cytosine
What are bases bonded together by
Weak hydrogen bonds
A double ring and what pair forms it
Purines
Adenine and Guanine forms it
A single ring and what forms it
Pyrimidines
Thymine and cytosine forms it
Helicase
Enzyme that unwinds DNA
Leading Strand
Strand that moves in a continuous way from the 3’ to 5’ direction
Lagging strand
Strand that moves in the opposite direction of the replication fork, 5’ to 3’ direction
3 major events in Prophase
Chromosomes condense
Spindle fibers form
Chromosomes are captured by spindle
Metaphase
Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell
Anaphase
Spindle fibers shorten and lengthen, separating the chromosomes
Telophase
Spindle fibers disintegrate
Nucleus envelops around both groups of chromosomes
Chromosomes revert into chromatin
Prophase 1(longest)
Chromosomes condense
Nucleus disappear
Spindle forms
Synapsis occurs where homologous chromosomes come together (tetras forms)
Crossing over
Metaphase 1
Tetrad align on the equator of the cell
Independent assortment
Anaphase 1
Homologous chromosomes separate
Sister chromatids remain attached
Telophase 1
Poles has haploid set of chromosomes
Prepares for cytokinesis
