Body System Flashcards
What affects enzyme efficiency
pH and temperature
Smooth muscle action that guides the food down the espophgus
Peristalsis
Process of physically breaking down food
Mechanical digestion
What is Chemical digestion
Breaking down foods to be small enough to be absorbed into cells
Enzymes produced by the pancreas
Trypsin for protein
Amylase for starch
Lipase for lipids
What differences would a carnivore’s digestive system have compared to a herbivore’s
Shorter cecum
Longer small intestine
Shorter large intestine
What enzyme digests lactose and what does lactose become
Lactase
Glucose + galactose
What enzyme digests sucrose and what does sucrose become
Sucrase
Glucose + fructose
Digestion of starch
Becomes maltose then glucose and is absorbed into capillaries of villi
Digestion of lipids
Becomes glycerol + fatty acids then is absorbed into lacteal of villi
Digestion of protein
Becomes peptides then amino acids and is absorbed into capillaries of villi
Three forms of respiration
External - salamanders
Internal - fishes
Lungs - humans
What do buffers do
Moderate changes but does not prevent changes in pH
The way an insects respiratory system works
Air enters their body through tiny holes called spiracles and diffuse directly to the tissue through the tracheal system
What does Boyle’s Law state
That as pressure increases, volume decrease
P1V1 = P2V2
3 main components of a true circulatory system
Fluid (blood)
Tubes (blood vessels)
Muscular pump (heart)
What is an open circulatory system
Where there is no vessels and the blood would flow freely being pumped by the heart
What is a closed circulatory system
Where blood is transferred to the rest of the body through a complex system of tubes and is pumped by the heart with high pressure
What carries blood from the heart to the capillaries
Arteries
What carries blood from the capillaries to the heart
Veins
What effects stroke volume
How easily your heart fills with blood and how readily it empties
Order of the heart beat on an ECG monitor
P - Q - R - S - T
ECG what is happening during P - Q
Atrial depolarization caused by the SA node being triggered and the pump of blood in the right atrium
ECG what is happening during Q - S
Ventricular depolarization where the ventricular is pumped
