Genetic Variation Flashcards
What is genetic variation?
Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA sequences among individuals within a population.
True or False: Genetic variation is essential for evolution.
True
Name one source of genetic variation.
Mutations
Fill in the blank: Genetic variation can arise from ________ and sexual reproduction.
mutations
What is the role of mutations in genetic variation?
Mutations create new alleles, contributing to genetic diversity.
True or False: All genetic variations are beneficial.
False
What is an example of a harmful genetic variation?
Sickle cell disease
List one advantage of genetic variation.
Increased adaptability to environmental changes
What is the disadvantage of low genetic variation?
Increased vulnerability to diseases
True or False: Genetic variation can be influenced by environmental factors.
True
What is a polygenic trait?
A trait that is influenced by multiple genes.
Provide an example of a polygenic trait.
Human height
What is the significance of genetic variation in agriculture?
It allows for the development of crops that are resistant to pests and diseases.
Fill in the blank: Genetic variation helps populations to ________ over time.
adapt
What is one con of genetic engineering related to genetic variation?
It may reduce natural genetic diversity.
Define allele frequency.
The proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies in a population.
True or False: Genetic drift can lead to changes in allele frequencies.
True
What is the founder effect?
A decrease in genetic variation that occurs when a small group establishes a new population.
Name a benefit of genetic variation in wildlife.
Greater resilience to environmental changes.
What is the impact of inbreeding on genetic variation?
Inbreeding decreases genetic variation and can lead to health problems.
Fill in the blank: Genetic variation is crucial for ________ selection.
natural
What is a genetic bottleneck?
A sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events or human activities.
True or False: Genetic variation can be beneficial for conservation efforts.
True
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable characteristics.
What is one way to increase genetic variation in a population?
Introducing individuals from different populations.
True or False: Genetic variation is the same as genetic diversity.
False
