Chromosomes and Sex Determination Flashcards
What is the basic unit of heredity in living organisms?
Gene
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs
True or False: Chromosomes are made up of DNA.
True
What are the two types of sex chromosomes in humans?
X and Y chromosomes
Fill in the blank: Females have _____ sex chromosomes.
XX
Fill in the blank: Males have _____ sex chromosomes.
XY
What determines the sex of an individual in humans?
The combination of sex chromosomes (XX or XY)
Which chromosome is typically larger, X or Y?
X chromosome
True or False: All chromosomes are identical in shape and size.
False
What is the primary function of chromosomes?
To store and transmit genetic information
What is the term for the complete set of chromosomes in an organism?
Karyotype
What is the role of the Y chromosome in sex determination?
It triggers male development.
Multiple choice: How many sex chromosomes do humans have? A) 22 B) 23 C) 2 D) 46
C) 2
What is the process called when cells divide to form gametes?
Meiosis
True or False: All species have the same number of chromosomes.
False
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence of a gene.
Fill in the blank: Chromosomes are located in the _____ of a cell.
Nucleus
What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?
Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes, while sex chromosomes determine the sex of an individual.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a sex chromosome? A) Chromosome 1 B) Chromosome 2 C) Chromosome X D) Chromosome 5
C) Chromosome X
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.
True or False: Individuals with an XY chromosome pair are typically female.
False
What is Down syndrome an example of?
A chromosomal disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Fill in the blank: The sex of an individual is determined at _____ during fertilization.
Conception
What is the term for the physical expression of genes?
Phenotype
