Genetic Labatory Techniques

Question 1

Outline restriction digestion

Answer 1

DNA can be cut by restriction endonucleases that recognise specific sequences

Question 2

Outline restriction maps

Answer 2

Say where the different restriction enzymes will cut. Numbers refer to the length of DNA in the number of bases

Question 3

Outline nuclei acid hybridisation

Answer 3

-two single-stranded nucleic acids are allowed to interact so that complexes are formed by molecules with complementary DNA or RNA sequences

Question 4

Outline probes

Answer 4

The DNA that we add, only anneals to the corresponding sequence by complementary base pairing
Tagged using radioactivity or fluorescence

Question 5

Outline gel electrophoresis

Answer 5

DNA fragments can be separated according to their size in a gel
DNA is negative so moves away from the negative to positive electrode

Question 6

What types of gel electrophoresis are there

Answer 6

Agarose- low resolution
Polyacrylamide-high res, short fragment

Question 7

What does fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) do

Answer 7

Detection of chromosome translocation

Question 8

Outline FISH

Answer 8

-technique for detecting and locating the presence or absence of a specific DNA sequence on a chromosome
-utilises short fluorescent LH labelled DNA probe(s)

Question 9

What is FISH used for

Answer 9

-used in genetic counselling, medicine & understanding cancer cells
-used to identify chromosome translocations