DNA -> Protein

Question 1

Outline enhancers

Answer 1

DNA bends round- enhancers can be far from transcription start, binding site for activator protein

Question 2

How is transcription initiated in eukaryotes

Answer 2

-enhancers can be far from transcription start
-TFIID binds first at the TATA box
-complex of enzymes assembles including RNA polymerase III and TFIIH( unravels DNA)

Question 3

How is transcription initiated in prokaryotes

Answer 3

-sigma (o) factor binds at the -35 and -10 promoter regions of the RNA polymerase
-allows RNA polymerase to bind, then change conformation (closed to open)
-DNA strand is opened, DNA-RNA hybrid forms and (O) factor dissociates

Question 4

What is added to mRNA during processing

Answer 4

Introns spliced out
5’ cap added
Poly-A tail

Question 5

Outline the sites of a ribosome

Answer 5

A site- where the tRNA binds to
P site- joins peptides chain
E site- exit

Question 6

Which 70s and 80s ribosomes are in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 6

Prokaryotes- 70s
Eukaryotes- 80s

Question 7

Which 70s and 80s ribosomes are in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 7

Prokaryotes- 70s
Eukaryotes- 80s