Genetic Info Flashcards
genome
The complete set of all the genes in a cell, including the genes in the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts
proteome
The full range of all the proteins that a cell is able to produce using its genome
allele
some genes have two or more alternative forms, each allele has a different sequence of bases and consequently codes for a different polypeptide
gene pool
all the different alleles of all the genes found in within a population
gene
A base sequence of DNA that codes for either :
•the amino acid sequence for a polypeptide
•a functional RNA (rRNA+ tRNA)
Degenerate code
Most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet
Universal code
It’s the same in all organisms
Non-overlapping code
each base is read only once
each base is part of only one triplet
genetic diversity
The number of different alleles of genes in a population
genetic diversity
The number of different alleles of genes in a population
allele
a different form of a gene
adaptation
A characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival/reproductive success
biodiversity
The variety of living organisms in an area
high biodiversity is desirable
community
A group of interacting populations of different species living in the same place at the same time
population
A group of organisms belonging to the same species found in the same area at the same time and potentially able to interbreed
habitat
The environment in which an organism or population of organisms usually lives
species richness
A measure of the number of different species in a community
conservation
actively managing ecosystems in order to increase biodiversity
monoculture
large fields growing only a single crop
substitution mutation
when one or more bases in the gene sequence are exchanged for others, this result in a change in a base triplet
if the new triplet is a stop triplet the polypeptide coded for will be shorter
Addition mutation
One or more bases are added to the base sequence of the gene, this result in frameshift
Deletion mutation
One more bases are deleted from the base sequence of a gene this result and frameshift
each triplet following the deletion is altered and a entirely new sequence of amino acid is coded for and the protein will have a completely different structure and be non-functional
Variation
The differences that exist between individuals within a species in between different species
oncogenes
genes that control the rate of cell division
