Genetic Info

Question 1

genome

Answer 1

The complete set of all the genes in a cell, including the genes in the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 2

proteome

Answer 2

The full range of all the proteins that a cell is able to produce using its genome

Question 3

allele

Answer 3

some genes have two or more alternative forms, each allele has a different sequence of bases and consequently codes for a different polypeptide

Question 4

gene pool

Answer 4

all the different alleles of all the genes found in within a population

Question 5

gene

Answer 5

A base sequence of DNA that codes for either :
•the amino acid sequence for a polypeptide
•a functional RNA (rRNA+ tRNA)

Question 6

Degenerate code

Answer 6

Most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet

Question 7

Universal code

Answer 7

It’s the same in all organisms

Question 8

Non-overlapping code

Answer 8

each base is read only once
each base is part of only one triplet

Question 9

genetic diversity

Answer 9

The number of different alleles of genes in a population

Question 10

genetic diversity

Answer 10

The number of different alleles of genes in a population

Question 11

allele

Answer 11

a different form of a gene

Question 12

adaptation

Answer 12

A characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival/reproductive success

Question 13

biodiversity

Answer 13

The variety of living organisms in an area
high biodiversity is desirable

Question 14

community

Answer 14

A group of interacting populations of different species living in the same place at the same time

Question 15

population

Answer 15

A group of organisms belonging to the same species found in the same area at the same time and potentially able to interbreed

Question 16

habitat

Answer 16

The environment in which an organism or population of organisms usually lives

Question 17

species richness

Answer 17

A measure of the number of different species in a community

Question 18

conservation

Answer 18

actively managing ecosystems in order to increase biodiversity

Question 19

monoculture

Answer 19

large fields growing only a single crop

Question 20

substitution mutation

Answer 20

when one or more bases in the gene sequence are exchanged for others, this result in a change in a base triplet

if the new triplet is a stop triplet the polypeptide coded for will be shorter

Question 21

Addition mutation

Answer 21

One or more bases are added to the base sequence of the gene, this result in frameshift

Question 22

Deletion mutation

Answer 22

One more bases are deleted from the base sequence of a gene this result and frameshift

each triplet following the deletion is altered and a entirely new sequence of amino acid is coded for and the protein will have a completely different structure and be non-functional

Question 23

Variation

Answer 23

The differences that exist between individuals within a species in between different species

Question 24

oncogenes

Answer 24

genes that control the rate of cell division