Genetic Expression Flashcards
Anticodon
Three consecutive bases on the tRNA
Codon
Three consecutive bases on the mRNA
Deletion Mutation
A mutation on the DNA where a base(s) is removed, resulting in a frameshift
DNA
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
What is DNA shaped like?
Double Stranded, Helix shaped large molecule, a whole chromosome
Enzyme
A folded protein which acts as a biological catalyst to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction in an organism
Frameshift
Change in baes that the ribosome reads
Gene
A piece of DNA which codes for the making of a protein/feature
Gene Expression
The process where the instructions on our DNA are converted into a functional protein, includes transcription, translation and protein folding
What does base pairing rules state?
A with T, C with G
What does base pairing rules state?
A with T, C with G
Genotype
The genetic make up of an organism for a feature
Insertion mutation
A mutation on the DNA where a base(s) is added resulting in a frame shift
Metabolic Pathway
A series of enzyme controlled reactions, where the product of one reaction becomes the substrate of the next
Missense Mutation
A change of the base on the DNA which codes for a different amino acid. This may or may not alter the shape of the protein and therefore it’s function.
mRNA
Messenger RNA. Made during transcription in the nucleus. Carries the instructions to the ribosome to make a polypeptide chain. Contains codons.
Mutagen
Environmental factor which causes the mutation e.g. agent orange, x-rays
Mutation
A permanent change in the bases of DNA
Nonsense Mutation
A change of the base on the DNA which changes the instructions, so a STOP codon occurs in the wrong place. Protein is greatly affected
Nonsense Mutation
A change of the base on the DNA which changes the instructions, so a STOP codon occurs in the wrong place. Protein is greatly affected
Peptide bond
Bond formed between 2 amino acids during translation
Point Mutation
A change of only one or a few bases on the DNA
