Genetic-Environment Interactions and Trimesters Flashcards
Lifespan Development, Module 2 Notes, Pages 7-9
Briefly describe relationship between nature & nurture
Thought to be at odds with each other
List 3 ways genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) interact to influence individual
What does their names describe?
Passive genotype-environment interaction
Evocative genotype-environment interaction
Active genotype-environment interaction
Names describe role that child is taking (passive, active, or evoking certain behaviors from others)
Both nature & nurture play an integral role
Even in a supportive environment, child may not have genotype to become advanced at their interest/hobby
Genotype
Genetic make-up of an individual
Passive genotype-environment interaction
Describe interaction & child’s role
Give examples
Parents provide both genetic predisposition & nurturing context to foster certain qualities in child
Example 1: musical family provides opportunities for musical development
Example 2: parents good at track, have child & make choice to enroll him in sports, child becomes very good athlete, but was not involved in decision to participate in sports
Child’s role is passive
Evocative genotype-environment interaction
Describe interaction & child’s role
Give examples
Parents provide genetic predisposition for child to then evoke certain reactions in others from their own behavior
Example 1: very social child affects others around her to behave in certain way, which influences her own development (may develop large social group and be viewed favorably by teachers who value interpersonal skills)
Example 2: child may bang on drum wildly, parent notices child’s interest, decides to enroll him in lessons based on child’s behavior
Child’s own behavior play a role in their development
Why isn’t the genotype enough alone in the evocative genotype-environment interaction?
Child may have ability but never develop it due to someone not creating opportunity for them
Active genotype-environment interaction
Describe interaction & child’s role
Give example
Parents provide genetic predisposition that results in child actively seeking out environmental conditions that foster development of certain qualities
Example: musically gifted child may single-handedly pursue musical outlets regardless of whether others encourage them to do so
Child takes very active role in their development
Arteries & veins of heart complete development
7-8 weeks after conception
thumb sucking can be observed
8-9 weeks
can respond to sound
20 weeks
if born prematurely, baby can survive at what weeks?
22-26 weeks (age of viability- 50/50 chance)
breathing motions can be observed
30 weeks
3 periods of prenatal development
Germinal
Embryonic
Fetal
When is germinal period of development
- What happens?
First 2 weeks after conception
Zygote created & attaches to uterine wall
When is embryonic period of development
- What happens?
2-8 weeks after conception
Layers of cells are formed (will eventually develop into organs and support systems for cells)
- inner layers= develop into respiratory & digestive systems
- outer layers= develops into nervous & sensory systems
When is embryonic period of development
- What happens?
2 months-7 months
Period of major growth & development
How many trimesters are there?
Approximately how long does each trimester last?
3 Trimesters, each lasts approximately 3 months
First trimester:
- Length & weight?
- What begins developing?
- When is the heartbeat detectable?
- What actions can it do?
- When can it move & respond to touch?
- When can gender be determined?
- Grows 3 inches & weighs 1 oz. by the end
- Begins developing: spinal cord, nervous system, gastrointestinal system, heart, lungs
- Heart beat detectable at 8 weeks
- Actions: can smile, frown, suck, swallow
- Can move/respond to touch by 2nd month
- Can tell gender around 12 weeks
At what week can baby’s gender be determined?
around 12 weeks
When organs begin developing in first trimester?
spinal cord, nervous system, gastrointestinal system, heart, lungs
When is the heartbeat detectable?
8 weeks
When can it move/respond to touch?
by 2nd month
When can it smile, frown, suck, swallow?
First trimester
Second trimester:
- Length & weight?
- What’s developed to protect skin?
- What can be heard with a stethoscope?
- When do eyes open?
- What actions can it do?
- What has it grown?
- What can mother feel?
- What can it feel?
- Grows to 14 inches & weighs 1 lb. by the end
- Skin protected by vernix & lanugo
- Heartbeat can be heard with a stethoscope
- Eyes open at 24 weeks
- Actions: can suck thumb, has strong grip
- Has nails, hair, eyelashes, eyebrows
- Mother feels movement when baby rolls over
- Can feel pain
What protects the skin?
Vernix & lanugo
Vernix
milky substance that protects skin
Lanugo
fine hairs that protect skin
When can heartbeat be heard with stethoscope?
24 weeks
When can it feel pain?
Second trimester
When can it suck thumb & roll over?
Second trimester
When can mother feel movement?
Second trimester
When does it have nails, hair, eyelashes, eyebrows?
Second trimester
Third trimester:
- Length & weight?
- What skin protection is nearly gone?
- What is the age of viability?
- What position does it usually assume?
- What is soft & pliable?
- What is continually being added to baby?
- What does movement feel like to mother at the end?
- What is baby very responsive to?
- Grows to 19 inches & average weight of 6-7lb at 38 weeks
- Lanugo is nearly gone
- Viable at 22-26 weeks
- Usually assumes upside-down position
- Skull bones soft & pliable
- Body fat being continually added
- Mother feels less movement at the end
- Very responsive to touch, sound, light stimulation
What does it mean to be viable?
Able to live outside womb if born prematurely
What position does baby assume in the third trimester?
Upside-down
When is the age of viability?
22-26 weeks
