genetic engineering Flashcards
describe three stages of genetic engineering that require enzymes
stage 2 : extract required gene from chromosome using enzymes
stage 3 : extract plasmid from bacterial cell and cut open using enzymes
stage 4 : insert required gene into bacterial plasmid using enzymes
what term is used to describe the transfer of DNA between different organisms?
genetic engineering
state the structure from which the desired gene is extracted in the genetic engineering process
chromosome
state the structure which the desired gene is inserted into during the genetic engineering process
bacterial plasmid
which organisms provide “host cells” in the genetic engineering process
bacterial
before genetic engineering diabetic patients injected insulin obtained from pigs. state two advantages of genetically engineering insulin rather than extracting this protein from pigs?
fewer allergic reactions as genetically engineered insulin is identical to natural human insulin
bacteria multiply quickly so large quantities of the desired protein can be produced
less pigs need to be killed
state two ways in which DNA can be naturally transferred between organisms
via a virus
fertilisation
conjugation
genetic engineering can be used to produce medicines for human use. give two examples of medicines that can be genetically engineered.
insulin
growth hormone
penicillin
what is a genetically modified organisms?
any organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering
what term describes the bacterial plasmid after the desired gene has been inserted during the genetic engineering process
host cell
put the following stages of genetic engineering in order…
A. extract plasmid from bacterial cell
B. identify section of DNA that contains required gene from source chromosome
C. insert required gene into bacterial plasmid
D. insert plasmid into host bacterial cell to produce a genetically modified organism
E. extract required gene
B, E, A, C, D
