DNA & the production of proteins Flashcards
why is DNA such an important biological molecule?
as it contains all the genetic information that cells need to make proteins. These proteins determine all the physical characteristics of the organisms
where is DNA located in the cell?
nucleus
how are the two strands of the DNA molecule held together?
by complementary base pairs.
Adenine-thymine
Cytosine-guanine
if a DNA molecule contains 500 adenine bases, how many thymine bases will it have?
500
describe the process in a protein is synthesised from a single gene.
?
what is a gene?
a section of DNA which encodes for a protein
describe how the section of DNA encoding the enzyme, Amylase, would differ from the section of DNA encoding growth hormone.
the two sections of DNA would have a different order/ sequence of bases
DNA contains the instructions to make what type of molecule?
proteins
name the molecules which are joined together at the ribosomes to create proteins
mRNA
how many mRNA bases encode for one amino acid?
three bases
what would the sequence of bases on the strand of DNA complementary to this?
G T A A G A C
C A T T C T G
what are chromosomes?
a long, tightly coiled molecule of DNA
where in a cell are proteins assembled?
ribosomes
name the four DNA bases and describe how they pair up?
Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
what is the function of the messenger RNA in protein synthesis?
carries a complementary copy of the genetic code of a gene from the nucleus to the ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs
