Genetic Engineering Flashcards
what does genetic engineering involve
Genetic engineering involves changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes from another source to produce a desired characteristic
what does inserting genes into crop plants do
it gives it resistance to herbicides, resistance to insects, adds additional vitamins
what does inserting human genes into bacteria do
inserting human genes into bacteria enables it to produce human insulin
Name the three types of organism that genes can be transferred into with genetic engineering
1) Animals
2) Plants
3) Bacteria
5 steps in producing human proteins in Bacteria:
Restriction enzymes are used to “cut” a desired gene from a human chromosome. This forms sticky ends.
The same enzyme is used to “cut” a bacterial plasmid. This forms complementary sticky ends.
The human DNA is inserted into the plasmid using DNA ligase. This forms a recombinant plasmid.
The recombinant plasmid is inserted into bacteria.
When the bacteria reproduce, they will also replicate the recombinant plasmids.
5 steps in producing human proteins in Bacteria:
Restriction enzymes are used to “cut” a desired gene from a human chromosome. This forms sticky ends.
The same enzyme is used to “cut” a bacterial plasmid. This forms complementary sticky ends.
The human DNA is inserted into the plasmid using DNA ligase. This forms a recombinant plasmid.
The recombinant plasmid is inserted into bacteria.
When the bacteria reproduce, they will also replicate the recombinant plasmids.
An organism that has been engineered to contain genes from another species is called?
Transgenic
