Genetic Engineering Flashcards
Why would a genetic engineer want to cut DNA?
They cut out bad pieces of DNA and replace it. (gene splicing)
What type of disease would be a good candidate for gene therapy?
It must have a genetic cause and the gene cells must be accessible. (cancer, sickle cell disease, etc.)
Knock-out animal
Knockout animals have a gene in their DNA “knocked out” or disrupted with artificial pieces of DNA. Scientists then observe the animal to see how their traits change.
How can humans influence traits?
Humans can influence traits through genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the process of modifying DNA for practical purposes.
Different techniques for gene therapy
- Addition of a therapeutic gene provides normal cell function. 2. Addition of a therapeutic gene blocks a malfunctioning gene, providing normal cell function. 3. Addition of a harmful gene produces a lethal substance and the malfunctioning cell dies.
Insulin and Bacteria
People with diabetes need a dependable supply of insulin. Insulin is a protein that helps regulate blood sugar. Scientists have modified bacteria to produce insulin for human use. Large numbers of the modified bacteria can be farmed to produce large amounts of insulin.
Negative side effects of genetic engineering
Gene therapy raises many ethical concerns about whether human DNA should be changed. Genetic engineering is also costly. Gene therapy may not be available to poorer populations. Gene therapy can disrupt the function of healthy genes in target cells, and long-term effects are uncertain. New genes often result from natural mutations. Over time, evolutionary forces will minimize genes and traits with negative effects. New genes resulting from genetic engineering do not go through the same evolutionary process.
Why gene therapies can and can’t get inherited?
In order to be heritable, the modification must be made to cells passed to offspring.
Why would people be concerned about genetically modified things?
They want things to be as natural as possible.They’re concerned about their potential effect on the environment and their safety for human consumption, particularly surrounding illnesses and allergies.
How is genetic engineering different from selective breeding?
Artificial selection, or selective breeding, is outwardly breeding organisms that will produce the desired traits. Genetic engineering is more intrusive and is the process of modifying DNA for a purpose.
