genetic engineering Flashcards
what is genetic engineering ?
the process of removing genetic information from one organism an d inserting it into another.
what is required gene ?
the new gene that is being inserted into the organism.
what is source chromosome?
the chromosome that contains the required gene.
what is a plasmid?
a small circle of Dna found in bacterial cells. these can be easily removed and inserted into other bacterial cells.
what is the host bacterial cell ?
the new cell that the required gene is being inserted into.
what is genetically modified organism?
any living (organism) that has had its genetic material altered by genetic engineering.
what is step 1 ?
the human gene for the protein is isolated. enzymes cut the required gene out of the human cell.
what is step 2?
a plasmid is removed from a bacteria cell. and it is cut using enzymes.
what is step 3?
the human gene is inserted into the plasmid.
what is step 4?
the altered (or recombinant ) plasmid is inserted into a new bacterial cell.
what is step 5?
the altered bacterial cells are cultured so that they reproduce . they will start to produce insulin using the inserted human gene .
what is step 6 ?
insulin is harvested from the bacteria and can be used to treat type idrabetes.
what is the onder of the genetic engineering?
required gene identified +gene and plasmid extracted +gene inserted into plasmid +modified cells grown.
