Genetic Egeneering Flashcards
Changing the genetic information in a cell.
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Results of Genetic Engineering are said to be “……..
transgenic”.
Mice:
Use in
• Development of body tissues.
• Function of mammalian immune system.
• Formation and function of brain and nervous system.
• Models of cancer and other human diseases.
• Gene regulation and inheritance.
• Infectious disease.
is a technology that allowsDNA to be produced via artificial means.
• Recombinant-DNA technology
• Recombinant-DNA is a form of artificial DNA that is created by combining two or more sequences that would not normally occur together through the process of
gene splicin.
The first protein synthesized by recombinant DNA technology was
human
insulin to be approved for clinical use.
• Bt-toxin gene is cloned from the bacteria (…………..) & is expressed in plants to provide
resistance to insects without the need for insecticides: in effect creatino a bio-pesticide.
Bacillus thuringiensis
Examples of GM Animals:
• About 30 % of the milk in U.S. markets comes from cows that have been injected with hormones made by recombinant-DNA techniques to increase milk production.
• Scientists are working to combine a gene for lysozyme
(an antibacterial protein found in human tears & breast milk into the DNA of goats. Milk from these goats may help prevent infections in who drink it.
- Pigs can be genetically modified to produce more lean meat or high levels of healthy omega-3 acids.
Two genes engineered into the
rice genome help the grains
produce and accumulate beta-
carotene
There is hope that provitamin A-rich golden rice will help prevent
infant blindness.
Treating Diseases:
products now made in genetically engineered bacteria include
• For example, human growth hormone, which is used to treat patients suffering from pituitary dwarfism,
insulin to treat diabetes, blood-clotting factors for hemophiliacs, and potential cancer-fighting molecules.
is the process of changing a
gene to treat a medical disease or disorder.
• Gene therapy
• DNA fingerprinting has helped
solve crimes,
convict criminals, and even overturn wrongful convictions.
• The most common form of gene therapy involves
inserting à normal gene to replace an abnormal gene.
• Other approaches used:
- Replacing a mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy of the gene.
- Inactivating a mutated gene that is functioning improperly.
- Introducing a new gene into the body to help fight a disease.
What is Cell/Gene Therapy?
• A branch of Regenerative Medicine, that involves the “process of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cell tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function”.
