Genetic Diversity and Adaptation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

The degree of variation in the genes that exist in a certain population

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2
Q

What is an allele?

A

A different version of a gene

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3
Q

How can genetic diversity be increased within a population?

A
  • Mutations

- Gene flow (migration)

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4
Q

What is natural selection?

A

A process that increases the frequency of advantageous alleles within a population

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5
Q

What are mutations?

A

Random changes within a DNA sequence

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6
Q

What is evolution?

A

The change in allele frequency over time

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7
Q

What is a selection pressure?

A

An external factor that influences the reproductive success of an individual

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8
Q

What is stabilising selection?

A
  • Where natural selection favours an average phenotype

- In a place where the environment does not change

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9
Q

What is directional selection?

A
  • Natural selection favours one extreme phenotype

- Takes place after an environment has experienced change

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10
Q

What is a genetic bottleneck?

A

An event that causes a big reduction in the number of different alleles in a population eg, people dying before reproducing

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11
Q

What is the founder effect?

A

When a few organisms from a population leave to form a new population, so there are only a few different alleles in the gene pool

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12
Q

Steps to RP 6 - Aseptic

A
  • Use a sterile pipette when transferring bacteria to agar plate & spread using a sterile plastic spreader
  • Use sterile forceps to place the paper discs with different antibiotics & one soaked in water
  • Lightly tape the lid, invert & incubate the plate at 25℃ for 48 hours
  • Measure the inhibition/ clear zone to find out efficacy
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13
Q

Why do you have to use aseptic techniques?

A

To prevent cross contamination.

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14
Q

What are the aseptic techniques?

A
  • Disinfect work surface
  • Sterilise equipment, and after use place in disinfectant
  • Flame bottle neck of liquid broth
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