DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
Where is DNA located in prokaryotes?
A
- Cytoplasm
2
Q
Properties of Prokaryotic DNA
A
- Short
- Circular
3
Q
What is supercoiling?
A
- When chromosome coil around themselves
- Condenses circular chromosomes so they fit inside the cell
4
Q
Properties of Eukaryotic DNA
A
- Long
- Linear
5
Q
Where is DNA in eukaryotes located?
A
- Nucleus
6
Q
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
A
- The theory that bacterial cells were engulfed by a larger cell during evolution
7
Q
Bases found in DNA
A
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
8
Q
What is a gene?
A
- Sequence of DNA bases that codes for a protein
9
Q
What is a locus?
A
- Fixed, specific location of a gene in DNA
10
Q
What are exons?
A
- Coding regions in a gene
11
Q
What are introns?
A
- Non-coding regions in a gene
12
Q
Name features of genetic code
A
- Degenerate
- Non-overlapping
- Universal
13
Q
What is a genome?
A
- Complete set of genes in an individual’s DNA
14
Q
What is the proteome?
A
- Full range of proteins an individual can produce
15
Q
Steps of transcription
A
- RNA polymerase binds to the loci of the gene
- This breaks the hydrogen bonds, so strands separate creating a template strand
- RNA polymerase binds free nucleotides to template strand, forming a complementary mRNA strand
- Phosphodiester bonds form between nucleotides in a condensation reaction
- Repeats until it reaches a stop codon
- mRNA leaves the nucleus
