Genetic control of metabolism and insulin shock Flashcards
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is what you get (DNA sequence)
Phenotype is what you present (outward physical traits)
What is a metabolic pathway?
Enzymatic reactions linked together by webs of interrelationships.
The product of one enzyme becomes the substrate of the next enzyme
What is the consequence of a missing or defective gene that codes for an enzyme in a linear metabolic pathway?
The enzyme that gene makes will also be missing or defective. This means that it results in a decrease in the intermediates formed after the step normally catalyzed by that enzyme. These intermediates formed before the step will accumulate in the blood and body tissues and may be excreted in the urine.
What is insulin? where is it produced?
polypeptide secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas
What is the role of insulin in the body?
insulin stimulates the transport of glucose out of the blood and into the liver, muscle and adipose tissue to lower blood glucose
What is diabetes mellitus?
impaired glucose transport from the blood into the body tissues
What is ketoacidosis?
there are high levels of ketones- by-products of gatty acid metabolism- and blood sugar creating the blood to be too acidic
What are the types of diabetes?
Type 1, Type 2
What is insulin shock?
too much insulin. the brain starves
What is hypoglycemia?
When blood glucose is less that 45mg/dl. It can causes faintness, weakness, nervousness, hunger, muscle trembling and tachycardia
What is metabolic syndrome?
Visceral fat promotes insulin resistance
- abdominal obesity
- hypertension
- dyslipidemia (high triglycerides and love HDL)
What is reactive hypoglycemia?
blood glucose levels become very low following a meal
