Genetic codes

Question 1

Promotor

Answer 1

Upstream sequence, initiation of transcription and translation

Question 2

Exon

Answer 2

Coding region of gene, producing amino acids

Question 3

Intron

Answer 3

non coding sequences

Question 4

Genetic code

Answer 4

Is the order and sequence of bases which code for the amino acid in a particular protein

Question 5

Production of proteins

Answer 5

control cell functions and phenotype

Question 6

Combos

Answer 6

4 bases and there are 64 possible combinations in triplets. Genetic code cannot overlap as each base is part of a codon (3). ATG start

Question 7

Protein

Answer 7

AA group, H, R group, carboxyl. Important for cells to repair, regulate and protect themselves

Question 8

Protein synthesis

Answer 8

Genetic code provides instructions for protein synthesis. The sequence of bases determines the amino acid made

Question 9

Ribonucleic acids

Answer 9

RNA is a type of nucleic acid composed of nucleotides. The main difference between them and DNA is that the sugar molecule is ribose, single strand and is C G U A

Question 10

mrna

Answer 10

Made in the nucleus and takes genetic code into cytoplasm, allowing it to be read by ribosomes, produced by using coding strands. Modified to remove introns

Question 11

mrna

Answer 11

Made in the nucleus and takes genetic code into cytoplasm, allowing it to be read by ribosomes, produced by using coding strands. Modified to remove introns

Question 12

TRNA

Answer 12

Small RNA molecule which carries specific amino acids, forms clover leaf shape and can fold in on themselves. Has anto codons so amino acids can attach, one trna molecule per mrna codon

Question 13

rRNA

Answer 13

Ensures correct alignment of mRNA, has an enzymatic role in the formation of peptide bonds

Question 14

Transcription

Answer 14

The process in which genetic instructions are copied from DNA to mRNA. Triggered by chemical messengers which enter the nucleus and bind to DNA to relevant gene and causes RNA polymerase to begin making mRNA. Template strand coppied

Question 15

post transcription

Answer 15

Non-coding introns excised and exons sliced together. A methylated cap added to 5 prime and poly am tail

Question 16

Translation

Answer 16

Is the production of protein using information from the mRNA molecule. mRNA attaches to ribosome and moves along 3 bases at a time, as ribosomes read codons, tRNA joins to mRNA

Question 17

Post translation

Answer 17

Ribosomes or er which transport to Golgi bodi which mod proteins

Question 18

Gene expression

Answer 18

Process of copying info from dna on mRNA and translating the message into amino acids