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Biochem exam 3 > Genetic code/protein synthesis > Flashcards

Genetic code/protein synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

How many bases code for one amino acid?

A

3

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2
Q

How many possible amino acids can the genetic code make?

A

64

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3
Q

Aug codes for?

A

Methionine and it is a start codon

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4
Q

What are the three stop codons?

A

UAA, UGA and UAG

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5
Q

Ugg codes for what amino acid?

A

trp

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6
Q

The first column is green which means they are?

A

hydrophobic

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7
Q

The yellow amino acids have what quality?

A

they are polar, have H bonds

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8
Q

the pink amino acids are?

A

charged

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9
Q

What is the most common amino acid for e. coli?

A

leucine at CUG

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10
Q

what is the most common amino acid for humans?

A

leucine for CUG

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11
Q

how many of the 64 codons make amino acids?

A

61

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12
Q

All living systems do not use the same genetic code and it is not universal.

A

FALSE IT IS UNIVERSAL

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13
Q

mitocondrial genomes show some differences, for example ____ specifies TRp rather than stop

A

UGA

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14
Q

Are prokaryotic or eukaryotic ribosomes bigger?

A

eukaryotic

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15
Q

What is found in the gap between the 50S and the 30S of the ribosome in E. coli?

A

mRNA is found

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16
Q

initiation in protein synthesis involves….?

A

binding of mRNA to the small and large ribosomal
subunits, and binding of an initiator tRNA

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17
Q

Elongation in protein synthesis involves….?

A

the formation of all peptide bonds of the growing
polypeptide chain

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18
Q

Elongation in protein synthesis involves….?

A

the formation of all peptide bonds of the growing
polypeptide chain

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19
Q

Termination in protein synthesis occurs when….?

A

Occurs when a “stop” codon is reached along the mRNA, which leads to the release of the completed polypeptide.

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20
Q

In protein synthesis, a new aminoacyl-tRNA binds to the _________ site and then the
growing polypeptide at the P (peptidyl) site is transferred to the A site with the formation
of a peptide bond.

A

A (acceptor)

21
Q

is this in eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
Small subunit (30S)
16S rRNA
21 proteins
60% RNA/ 40% protein

A

prokaryotes

22
Q

is this in eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
Large subunit (50S)
23S and 5S rRNAs
31 proteins
70% RNA

A

prokaryotes

23
Q

is this in eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Small subunits (40S)
18S rRNA
33 proteins
50% RNA/ 50% protein

A

eukaryotic

24
Q

is this in eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
Large subunits (60S)
28S, 5.8S, and 5S rRNAs
49 proteins
65% RNA/ 35% protein

A

eukaryote

25
Q

Rat liver ribosomes (80S) have a mass that is _____ times that of E. coli ribosomes

A

1.7

26
Q

Protein synthesis has three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination.

A

true

27
Q

what is initiation in protein synthesis

A

Involves binding of mRNA to the small and large ribosomal
subunits, and then binding of an initiator tRNA

28
Q

what is elongation in protein synthesis

A

Includes the formation of all peptide bonds of the growing
polypeptide chain

29
Q

what does termination do in protein synthesis

A

Occurs when a “stop” codon is reached along the mRNA

30
Q

what 5 factors are needed for peptide chain initiation.

A

(a) mRNA
(b) 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits
(c) initiation factors
(d) GTP
(e) initiator tRNA (f-Met-tRNA)

31
Q

what is needed for elongation in protein synthesis

A

(a) mRNA/ribosome/peptidyl-tRNA complex
(b) aminoacyl-tRNAs
(c) elongation factors
(d) GTP

32
Q

For peptide chain termination, the components include:

A

(a) release factors
(b) GTP

33
Q

Initiation begins with the binding
of _____ and the initiator _____
(f-Met-tRNA) to the 30S
ribosomal subunit. Initiation
factors IF-1, IF-3, IF-2, and GTP
are also required

A

mRNA and tRNA

34
Q

The initiator tRNA binds to the _____ _____ on the 30S subunit, and the
50S subunit joins the 30S subunit.

A

P site

35
Q

The 70S initiation complex
consists of the 30S and 50S
ribosomal subunits, mRNA,
and the initiator tRNA bound to
the P site. The mRNA and the
tRNA are in the ____ _________
the two subunits

A

gap between

36
Q

the _______ blocks it so no more amino acids can be added.

A

formyl group

37
Q

in elongation in protein synthesis: Binding of a new aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site is brought about by elongation factor EF-___.

A

Tu

38
Q

Elongation factor EF-__ recycles EF-Tu

A

Ts

39
Q

in elongation______ __________ is the step that forms the peptide bond between the new amino acid and the growing polypeptide chain

A

Peptidyl transfer

40
Q

in elongation: The peptidyl transferase activity is not due to a protein enzyme, but to
an ______ ________ activity of the “peptidyl transferase center” of the 23S
rRNA of the 50S subunit.

A

RNA enzyme

41
Q

RNA enzymes are known as _________

A

“ribozymes”

42
Q

in elongation: Translocation of the peptide chain back to the P site is brought
about by elongation factor EF-_

A

G

43
Q

In termination: The binding of ______ _____ to the A site transforms the ribosomal peptidyl transferase, that forms the peptide
bond between amino acids, into a ______

A

release factors and hydrolase

44
Q

in termination: The peptidyl transferase then hydrolyzes the bond linking the polypeptide to its ______ _______, thereby releasing the polypeptide

A

tRNA carrier

45
Q

in termination:The presence of a _________ ______ at the A
site brings about the binding of
release factor RF-1 or RF-2
plus RF-3

A

stop codon
(UAA, UAG, or UGA)

46
Q

in termination: The binding of the release
factors transforms the
ribosomal ______ _______
into a hydrolase that breaks
the bond between the
polypeptide and its tRNA
carrier

A

peptidyl transferase

47
Q

The polypeptide is released,
and the ____ ribosome
dissociates from the mRNA

A

70S

48
Q

The proper folding of
newly synthesized
_______in the cell
may require molecular
__________ such as
Hsp70 and GroES/GroEL

A

polypeptides and chaperones

Biochem exam 3 (6 decks)

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