genetic code and translation

Question 1

wobble base

Answer 1

the first two bases determine the amino acid, the third base is the least important

Question 2

tRNA

Answer 2

adaptor molecule
-acts as a dictionary
-one end is the anticodon that binds to the RNA
-other end is the correlating amino acid

Question 3

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Answer 3

charges tRNA with the correct amino acid using ATP energy

Question 4

ribosome

Answer 4

acts as translator

Question 5

peptide growth direction

Answer 5

amino (N) to carboxyl (C) direction

Question 6

translation initiation in prokaryotes

Answer 6

Shine-Dalgarno sequence or ribosome binding site is found immediately upstream of AUG start codon

Question 7

translation initiation in eukaryotes

Answer 7

5’ cap used to identify mRNA molecule and then scan from 5’ to 3’ until reaching the AUG start codon
-Kozak sequence can also be used to help further identify start codon

Question 8

3 components in ribosomes

Answer 8

-E
-P
-A

Question 9

E site

Answer 9

ONLY start codon will reach this site

Question 10

P site

Answer 10

middle site
-where the peptide chain is formed

Question 11

A site

Answer 11

site in which new codons enter

Question 12

release factor (RF)

Answer 12

When a ribosome encounters a STOP codon, no tRNA enters. Instead, RF binds in A site to release the protein