Genetic Change and Traits Lesson Review Flashcards
______ is a change in a DNA sequence that leads to a difference in traits
Genetic Change
______ is the genetic material in cells that contains the information that determines the traits that an organism inherits
DNA
______ also contains the instructions for an organism’s growth and development
DNA
DNA is made up of _____ that pair together to form two complementary sides
nucleotides
Those pairs are called _____ and they always bond together
base pairs
Each side, or strand, of ____ a chain of building blocks called nucleotides
DNA
These repeating chemical units join together to form a _______
DNA molecule
One part of a nucleotide is called the ______
base
There are four different nucleotides in DNA which are identified by their bases _____, _____, _____, ____
adenine (A)
guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
thymine (T)
Where the two strands connect _ pairs with _ and _ and _ pairs with _
A pairs with T and G pairs with C
Combinations of DNA base pairs make “genetic words” called _____
genes
A _____ is a specific segment of DNA that provides instructions for an inherited trait
gene
Each ____ has a starting point and an ending point
gene
____ is read in one direction, just as you read words from left to right
DNA
____ that reproduce sexually have two versions of the same gene for every trait
organisms
the ____ acid chain forms proteins
amino
a ____ is an important molecule that is needed to build and repair body structures and to control processes in the body
protein
About __ different kinds of amino acids combine to make proteins
20
Once built, ____chain twists and folds to form the protein’s three-dimensional shape
amino acid
a ____ shape is linked to its function
protein’s
A specific sequence of three bases on a gene code for a specific _______
amino acid
These sequences are called _____
triplets
The chain of amino acids produced by a gene depends on the order of the _____
triplets
when cells divide ____ are passed on with the genetic material into the new cell
mutations
A change in the base-pair sequence of a gene is called a ____
mutation
most ____ occur when a cell copies its DNA for cell division
mutations
As the DNA is copied, base pairs may be _____ ______ _____
added, removed, or substituted
These chance mutations may be ____,___, ___ to organisms
beneficial, neutral, or harmful to organisms
Traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in their current environment are called _______
adaptations
an ______ can be a structure, a function, or a behavior.
adaptation
