Genetic Change Flashcards
What are two effects in genetic drift?
The founder effect and the bottleneck effect
Define mutation
Mutations are chnages in the DNA information or change in a gene
What are mutagens?
An agent which can cause (or increase the rate of) mutations
What are some mutagens?
Electromagnetic radiation sources, chemicals and naturally occuring mutages
What are two main types of mutation?
Point mutation and chromosomal mutation
What are the main types of mutation in point mutation?
Base substituition and frameshift mutation
What is are the types of substitution mutations… also say the def!
Base- one base is replaced or changed by another
Silent- causes no chnage to the amino acid sequence in a polypeptide chain.
Missense- A change in a base pair can cause the wrong amino acid to be inserted into a protein.
Nonsense- Occurs when the base substitution results in a stop codon being formed
What is frameshift mutation?
A significant mutation caused by a deletion of a single base or a number of bases which are not a multiple of 3
What are the types of frameshift deletion + def pls
Base deletion- the elimination of a single nucleotide from a DNA sequence.
Base insertion- The addition if a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence
How does an insertion or deletion affect the amino acid chain?
The rest of the sequence moves in one place through the reading frame. Therefore, through an addition or deletion of bases can affect the reading frame.
What is chromosomal mutation?
A mutation involving changes to entire chromosomes or significant parts of a chromosome.
What are the type of rearrangements in chromosomal mutations + def?
Inversion- a part of the chromosome had been flipped around
Deletion- the section of the chromosome that had been deleted
Duplication- when genes are duplicated
Translocation- where genes are added to a chromosome from another chromosome.
