Genetic Biology

Question 1

A specific set of instructions cells use to produce a specific protein

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

How does a gene act as a specific “recipe” for making a protein? (2)

Answer 2

1. Some genes tell each cell what protein to make and how to make it.
2. Other genes control a cell’s protein-making activity by telling it when to make a specific protein and how much to make.

Question 3

All human cells with a _____ contain _____ sets of every gene that humans possess.

Answer 3

1. nucleus

2. 2

Question 4

The human _____ contains between 20,000 and 25,000 individual genes.

Answer 4

genome

Question 5

Mature _____ cells - _____ and _____ - contain only one set of every human gene.

Answer 5

1. germ
2. sperm
3. ova

Question 6

The activation of a gene allowing its product to be made by the cell is called _____ _____.

Answer 6

gene expression

Question 7

_____ genes prevent the structural gene for a product from being expressed.

Answer 7

Regulator

Question 8

The _____ is the DNA that codes for the complete set of all proteins that a person can make at a given time under certain conditions.

Answer 8

proteome

Question 9

_____ is the study of how protein genes are selectively expressed, are modified after expression, and interact with each other.

Answer 9

Proteomics

Question 10

_____ is the basic genetic chemical structure, containing gene _____ regions and _____ regions, which can be compressed into a _____ form.

Answer 10

1. DNA
2. coding
3. non-coding
4. chromosome

Question 11

A _____ is a temporary but consistent state of condensed DNA structure formed for the purpose of _____ _____.

Answer 11

1. chromosome
2. cell
3. division

Question 12

_____ and _____ are both parts of the DNA.

Answer 12

1. Genes (parts of the whole)

2. chromosomes (the whole)

Question 13

The DNA of the genome is a large _____ _____ with all the instructions needed to make every _____ your body can produce. Each chromosome is a separate _____, and the genes are the individual _____.

Answer 13

1. recipe
2. book
3. protein
4. chapter
5. recipes

Question 14

Each gene has a specific chromosome location, called a _____ _____; think of this as the _____ of the chapter in which the recipe is located.

Answer 14

1. gene
2. locus
3. “page”

Question 15

For example, the insulin gene’s _____ is 11q13, which means that the gene is located on the long arm of _____ _____ in region _____. When it is time to make more insulin, this is the _____ where the recipe can be found.

Answer 15

1. locus
2. chromosome
3. 11
4. 13
5. “page”

Question 16

Although _____ cells have the _____ for insulin on chromosome 11, it is only opened and read by the _____ cells of the pancreas.

Answer 16

1. all
2. “recipe”
3. beta