genetic biodiversity Flashcards
1
Q
what is a ‘gene’?
A
section of DNA which codes for a particular protein
2
Q
what is an ‘allele’?
A
different versions of the same gene
3
Q
how does gene flow affect genetic biodiversity?
A
- increases alleles present
- increases genetic biodiversity
4
Q
how does genetic drift affect genetic biodiversity?
A
- there is independent assortment and crossing over
- so no guarantee that genetic alleles will pass on
- decreases GB
5
Q
how do mutations affect genetic biodiversity?
A
- more alleles available
- increases GB
6
Q
how are major mutations avoided?
A
- code is degenerate
- so some triplets code for same amino acid
- only 1 base is changed so this doesn’t change amino acid formed
7
Q
how does artificial selection affect genetic biodiversity?
A
- humans breed the desired characteristic
- unwanted alleles are lost
- population is less varied
- decreased GB
8
Q
how does natural selection affect genetic biodiversity?
A
- selective pressure
- disadvantageous alleles are less likely to be passed on
- decreases GB
9
Q
how does genetic bottlenecks affect genetic biodiversity?
A
- most of the population do not survive an event
- leaves a smaller population with less alleles
- decreases GB
10
Q
how does the founder effect affect genetic biodiversity?
A
- all alleles/gene come from the same individual
- a new population is founded after separating from the main population
- decreases GB
