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MBG > GENETIC ANALYSIS > Flashcards

GENETIC ANALYSIS Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gene?

A

a unit of inheritance

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2
Q

What is a genome?

A

The genetic information of an organism

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3
Q

What is information is contained in the genome?

A

Contains cellular information that is required for an organism to function

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4
Q

What is the genetic material of a eukaryotic?

A

DNA in the nucleus, which is organised into chromosomes

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5
Q

What is the structure of eukaryotic genes?

A

Contains coding sequences and non coding sequences, which are known as exons and introns

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6
Q

What are transposable elements?

A

Genetic units that have diversity in their structure and transposition membranes

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7
Q

Can transposable elements code for proteins?

A

Yes, they contain different functional ORFs encoding proteins

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8
Q

What is a locus?

A

The location of the gene on a region of a chromosome

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9
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different versions of a gene, e.g. one from mother, one from father

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10
Q

How many alleles are in a diploid organism?

A

Two - one from each parent

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11
Q

What is a mutant allele?

A

An allele that differs from the normal alleles found in the wild type

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12
Q

What is a variant allele?

A

An alteration in the DNA nucleotide sequence

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13
Q

Briefly describe Mendels law of segregation

A

Each parent passes an allele to their offspring, which results just a diploid organism. The allele containing the dominant trait determines the phenotype

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14
Q

What is genetic recombination?

A

The exchange of genetic material between chromosomes

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15
Q

What is the importance of recombination?

A

Evolution, mixing of traits, spreading of traits

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16
Q

Can recombination happen by a single or double strand?

A

Both

17
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

Heterozygote produces half the amount of normal protein

18
Q

What is codominance?

A

Both alleles are expressed equally and seen in a phenotype

19
Q

What is a multi allelic trait?

A

Traits controlled by one gene with two or more alleles

20
Q

What is pleiotrophy?

A

An allele that affects more than one trait, affects phenotypes, e.g. sickle cell

21
Q

What is epistasis?

A

Traits that affect each other leading to more distinct phenotypes then expected

22
Q

What is a linkage map?

A

Arrangement of genes based on inheritance

23
Q

What is a physical map?

A

Description of chromosome DNA and distances

24
Q

What is recombination?

A

DNA fragments that are exchanged between chromatids

25
Q

What is recombination important for?

A

Evolution, mixing traits, spreading traits

26
Q

What is chiasmata?

A

Physical link between two chromatids

27
Q

When does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase of meiosis I

28
Q

What does crossing over produce?

A

New allelic combinations

29
Q

What is map distance determined by?

A

The number of crossovers (further apart = higher chance of crossover)

MBG (6 decks)

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