Genetic Abnormalities Flashcards
This cattle may carry the snorter dwarf gene, but more likely it carried the crooked-legged dwarfism gene
Comprest cattle
Small in size and snorting noise while breathing
Snorter dwarfism
Its long bones are shorter compared to regular cattle
Snorter dwarfism
It has a small size due to dwarfism gene, but have crooked legs (usually the front legs)
Crooked-legged dwarfism
Often result by mating 2 comprest animals together
Crooked-legged dwarfism
Irish breed of cattle that are moderate in frame size and are raised for both meat and milk production
Dexter cattle
Irish cattle breed that carries a lethal dwarf gene, and in heterozygous form, results in smaller framed cattle
Dexter cattle
Lethal recessive dwarf gene that is carried in Dexter cattle
Bulldog dwarfism
It die usually prior to birth and have “bulldog” face due to high forehead. Severely deformed body as well
Bulldog dwarfism
Calves are born with a pronounced head due to water collecting on the brain
Hydrocephalus
In what breed is hydrocephalus prevalent
Herefords
What is Curly-calf syndrome formally called
Arthrogryposis multiplex
In what breed is curly-calf syndrome commonly found
Angus and. Angus influenced cattle
Caused by a reduced number of motorneurons in the spine
Curly-calf syndrome
What segment of the spine is affected in Curly-calf syndrome
6th cervical (C6) to 2nd thoracic (T2)
What deformities are coupled with curly-calf syndrome
Cleft palate
Misshapen spine
Tendon contractures
Cardiac deformities
Causes a cleft palate and deformed legs
Palate-pastern syndrome
What cattle breed is Palate-pastern syndrome commonly seen
Charolais cattle
Calves are born alive, but usually die shortly after as they are unable to stand and have trouble sucking due to cleft palate
Palate-pastern syndrome
Joints cannot move and are fixed. Similar to AM in Angus, but does not typically have a twisted spine
Palate-Pastern syndrome
Non-lethal recessive trait that occurs in Angus and Angus influenced calves
Contractural Arachnodactyly /
Fawn Calf syndrome
Another term for Contractural Arachnodactyly
Fawn Calf Syndrome
Calves are born alive but typically have an arched backline and marked angle of the hind limbs that give the appearance of a newborn deer
Fawn Calf syndrome /
Contractural Arachnodactyly
Affected calves also tend to have poor foot and leg conformation as adults
Fawn Calf syndrome /
Contractural Arachnodactyly
What breed is Tibia Hemimelia syndrome often found
Shorthorn calves
Herefords can trace Snorter Dwarfism back to ____
St. Louis Lad
Severe deformities in newborn calves, particularly:
Twisted or deformed rear legs
Abdominal rupture because the pelvic fusion failed
Reproductive deformities
Tibial Hemimelia Syndrome
Trichosis
Hair
Coupled with deformities that include cleft palate, misshapen spine, tendon contracture, and cardiac deformities
Curly-calf Syndrome
Twisted neck
Torticollis
In Angus also see stillbirth, severe scoliosis and torticollis, severe fixed contractures of all limbs, and malformed face
Curly-calf Syndrome
Partial or complete absence of hair follicles, abnormal keratinocytes
Hypotrichosis
Hypotrichosis is prevalent of what particular sex
Males
Gene that stops the muscle development
Myostatin gene
Breeds commonly affected by Double Muscling in Cattle
Belgium Blue
Piedmontese
Caused by an increase in the apparent and real number of myofibers
Double Muscling in Cattle
Caused by mutations in the Myostatin gene which results in a non-functional myostatin and causes cells to multiply
Double Muscling in Cattle
Animals that are homozygous for these mutations usually have so much extra muscle development that they have reproductive issues
Double Muscling in Cattle
High potassium level in blood
Hyperkalemia
Other term for Impressive Syndrome
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
Impressive Syndrome traces back to a mutation that occurred in a single ancestor, namely ___
American Quarter Horse stallion named Impressive
This mutation influences SCN4A
Impressive Syndrome
Results in a point mutation that causes a phenylalanine/leucine substitution in a key part of the voltage-dependent skeletal muscle sodium channel alpha subunit
Impressive Syndrome /
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
Symptoms include muscle trembling, prolapse of the third eyelid, generalized weakness, weakness, in the hind end, complete collapse, abnormal whinny, and sometimes death in severe attacks
Impressive Syndrome /
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
Increase in the size of muscle fiber
Hypertrophy
Increase in the number of muscle cells
Hypertrophy
Causes muscle hypertrophy in sheep, but does not manifest until 3-4 weeks after birth
Callipyge
Callipyge does not manifest until ____ weeks after birth
3-4 weeks after birth
Neuromuscular disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive
Porcine stress syndrome (PSS)
Symptoms are triggered by environmental stressors and volatile anesthetics (ex: halothane)
Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
Symptoms exhibited during an episode include: muscle and tail tremors, labored and irregular breathing, blanching and reddening of the skin, rapid rise in body temperature, collapse, muscle rigidity, and death
Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
Causes a lack of collagen formation, where collagen is needed to bind the skin to the bodu
HERDA
Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia
Fatal, autosomal recessive disease found in Quarter and Paint Horses. Caused by a mutation found in the GED1 gene
Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency (GBED) in horses
Stillbirths or abortion are common in
mares carrying foals with this disease.
Some foals may survive past birth and
may appear healthy at first. Sudden
death, deterioration of health, and/or
muscle weakness occur along with other
clinical signs
Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED) in horses
Foals that are FF are completely white, have a deformed rectum and inability to digest as well as absorb nutrients. Foals cannot defecate due to deformed rectum
Lethal White Foal Syndrome in Frame Overos
Lethal abnormality, foals typically die within a day or two of birth
Lethal White Foal Syndrome in Frame Overos
Where did Syndactyly originated (speculation)
Chianina breed
The hooves of an affected animal are not split (one toe instead of two)
Syndactyly
“Mulefootness”
Formally called Ovine Hereditary Chondrodysplasia
Spider Lamb Syndrome
Recessive, often lethal as many cannot stand or walk, newborn lambs cannot nurse. Some may survive depending on the severity of deformed legs
Spider Lamb Syndrome
Structural abnormalities in afflicted lambs include facial defects, humped or twisted spines, abnormally long legs, bent and/or splayed legs, flattened ribs, and lack of muscle development
Spider Lamb Syndrome
Chromosomal abnormality in SWINE - extra X and Y chromosomes
Aneuploidy
Chromosomal abnormality in POULTRY - malformations, high embryonic mortality
Triploidy
Chromosomal abnormality in SWINE - polyspermy, failure to extrude polar body
- reduced litter
Polyploidy
Individual derived from one zygote with 2 or more distinct genotype
Mosaicism
Individual derived from 2 or more zygotes with 2 or more chromosomal types
Chimerism
